SA Chondroprotectives Flashcards
What is a chondroprotective?
Agents that retard degradation of articular cartilage and promote chondrocyte metabolism in the tx of osteoarthritis in dogs and cats.
Nutraceuticals.
Nutrients, dietary supplements / herbal extracts.
E.g. glucosamine, chondroitin, hyaluronic acid, Pentosan, polysulphate.
Nutraceutical legislation.
Not technically drugs, so can be marketed without proving they work.
Products may not contain what the label says.
Injectables are legislated.
Chondroprotectives modes of action / claims.
Stimulate chondrocytes.
Stimulates synoviocytes.
Increase synovial fluid viscosity.
Inhibit enzymes.
Anti-inflammatory activity.
Anti-oxidants.
Support collagen formation.
What is osteoarthritis (OA).
Progressive, degenerative disease.
No cure.
Tx symptomatic - NSAIDS, rest, weight loss, physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, chondroprotectives.
Veterinary nutraceuticals.
Glucosamine.
Chondroitin.
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan.
Avocado/soybean unsaponifables.
Manganese.
Vitamin E.
Green lipped mussel.
Essential fatty acids.
Pentosan polysulphate.
Hyaluronan.
Hyaluronic acid.
Curcumin.
Glucosamine.
C6H13NO5.
Amino monosaccharide.
Building block for glycosaminoglycans.
Make extra cellular matrix of cartilage.
Produced by hydrolysis of crustacean exoskeletons.
Commonly as glucosamine sulphate, glucosamine hydrochloride, N-acetyl glucosamine.
Chondroitin.
Polymer of repeating disaccharide units (galatosamine sulphate and glucuronic acid).
Predominant component of cartilage.
Made from animal components e.g. poultry, shark, bovine.
Mechanism of action of glucosamine and chondroitin.
Glucosamine stimulates glycosaminoglycan, proteoglycan and collagen production.
Modulating cartilage metabolism, improving cartilage integrity and increasing matrix synthesis.
Synergistic effect when combined w/ chondroitin.
Protects against synovitis in experimental dog model - when given before the synovitis was induced.
Polysulphated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) MOA.
Adequan IM.
IM (or IA) injection for horses and dogs.
q5-7d (for 4-5wks).
Toxicity - inhibit coagulation.
Prepared from bovine tracheal cartilage.
Hyaluronan / Hyaluronic acid.
Hyalovet/Hyvisc.
For IA injection.
Licensed for horses.
Improves joint fluid viscosity.
Pain reduction.
Side effects minimal.
Pentosan polysulphate.
Cartrophen Vet.
Weekly injections for 4w - IM/SC.
Dogs, horses.
Stimulate chondrocytes, synthesise matrix, anti-inflammatory.
Side effects minimal - occasional V+, anti-coagulant.
Essential fatty acids.
Omega 3 fatty acids.
Anti-inflammatory properties in vitro.
Reduces cartilage degradation.
Joint diets.
Reduced inflammatory and matrix degradative response in chondrocytes and potentially reducing cartilage degradation.
Green lipped mussel.
High in omega-3.
Anti-inflammatory.
Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase pathway.
Benefits first noted in Maori’s.
Adverse effects of chondroprotectives.
Mild, none or rare.
GI.
Anti-coagulant - rarely clinical problem.
Concern glucosamine could interfere w/ glucose metabolism or diabetes mx.
- no evidence for this in dogs.
