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Reproductive System AB > S9.1 Genital Tract Infecitons > Flashcards

S9.1 Genital Tract Infecitons Flashcards

1
Q

Identify risk factors for GTIs

A 
Age 15-24
Low socio-economic groups
Unprotected sex 
High number of partners 
Sexual orientation 
Ethnicity
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2
Q

List the common presentations of GTIs

A

Urethritis, cervicitis and abnormal discharges – chlamydia, gonorrhoea
Genital ulceration – herpes, syphilis
Skin manifestations – anogenital warts
Systemic presentation – PID

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3
Q

How can you diagnose STIs in men?

A

Urine analysis
Urethral sampling
Bloods

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4
Q

How can you diagnose STIs in women?

A

Vulvovagainal swab
Endocervical swab
Urine analysis
Bloods

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5
Q

What is the organism causing chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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6
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia in women?

A

Often asymptomatic
Increased discharge
Dyspareunia

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7
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia in men?

A

Urethritis
Epididymitis, prostitis, proctitis

Epididymitis can lead onto Reiters syndrome: urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

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8
Q

How do you diagnose chlamydia?

A

Females - vulvovaginal swab, first catch urine

Males - first catch urine NAAT

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9
Q

What is the management for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

NB erythromycin for pregnant women

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10
Q

What is the organism causing gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea. Gram-negative diplococcus. Primary sites – urethra, rectum, pharynx.

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11
Q

What is the presentation of gonorrhoea in women?

A

Often asymptomatic

Altered discharge

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12
Q

What is the presentation of gonorrhoea in men?

A

Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Very common in MSM

Can lead to prostitis or epididymo-orchitis

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13
Q

How do you diagnose gonorrhoea?

A

Females: endocervical swab
Males: urethral swab
Gram stain
Culture

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14
Q

What is the management for gonorrhoea?

A

IM ceftriaxone alongside azithromycin (as often occurs with chlamydia)

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15
Q

What organism causes genital herpes?

A

Herpes simplex virus, HSV 2

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16
Q

Describe how patients present with herpes

A

Primary herpes: painful genital ulceration, dysuria

Recurrent herpes: asymptomatic to moderate

17
Q

How do you diagnose herpes?

A

PCR of vesicle fluid

18
Q

What is the management for herpes?

A

Acyclovir

19
Q

What organism causes genital warts?

A

Human papilloma virus, HPV 6 and 11

20
Q

Describe the presentation of genital warts

A

Benign, painless, epithelial or mucosal outgrowths around the penis or vagina.

21
Q

How do you diagnose genital warts?

A

Biopsy

22
Q

What is the management for genital warts?

A

70% resolve completely after 1 year, can physically remove or freeze them e.g. cryotherapy.

23
Q

What organism causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

Common in MSM

24
Q

Describe the presentation of syphilis

A

Multi-stage disease;
Stage 1: indurated painless ulcer in genital tract
Stage 2: 4-10w later; rash, mucosal lesions
Latent - symptom free years
Stage 3: neuro-syphilis

25
Q

How do you diagnose syphilis?

A

EIA antibody test

Lab diagnosis by PCR

26
Q

What is the management for syphilis?

A

Penicillin

Dose depends on stage of disease

27
Q

What type of organism is trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoa

28
Q

How do patients present with trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Men: up to 50% asymptomatic. Urethral discharge or dysuria
Women: frothy vaginal discharge

29
Q

How do you diagnose trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Vaginal wet preparation and culture enhancement

30
Q

What is the treatment for trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

31
Q

Describe the features of bacterial vaginosis

A 
A non-sexually transmitted GTI
Caused by overgrowth of the normal flora including Gardnerella.
Symptoms: fishy discharge
Diagnosis: high vagina smear
Management: metronidazole
32
Q

Describe the features of vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

A non-sexually transmitted GTI
Caused by Candida albicans
Symptoms: white curd-like discharge
Management: topical and oral azoles such as fluconazole

Reproductive System AB (20 decks)

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