S2.1 The Female Repro System

Question 1

What is the ovary?

Answer 1

An ovum producing reproductive organ. It’s oocytes are released into the peritoneal cavity and then trapped by the fimbrae.

Question 2

Ovary lymphatics drain into the…

Answer 2

Para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 3

What is the uterus?

Answer 3

A thick walled organ where the embryo can implant and develop.

Question 4

What are the anatomical relations of the uterus?

Answer 4

Anterior - bladder

Posterior - rectus

Question 5

Describe the two pouches in the female

Answer 5

Vesico-uterine pouch - between bladder and uterus

Recto-uterine pouch (Douglas) - between uterus and rectum

Question 6

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 6

Ampulla of uterine (fallopian) tubes

Question 7

Why do women get acid reflux and urinary frequency in pregnancy?

Answer 7

Uterus pushes organs such as the stomach causing reflux.

Uterus can also compress bladder.

Question 8

Describe the appearance of the cervix during pregnancy

Answer 8

Before pregnancy, external os is round shaped, after it is slit shaped

Question 9

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 9

Double layer of peritoneum covers most of the pelvic floor

Question 10

Describe the suspensory ligament

Answer 10

Surrounds the ovarian vessels

Question 11

Describe the mesovarium

Answer 11

Suspends the ovary

Question 12

Describe the mesosalpinx

Answer 12

Attaches ovary to Fallopian tube

Question 13

Describe the mesometrium

Answer 13

Mesentery of the uterus

Question 14

Describe the ligament of the ovary

Answer 14

Attaches the ovary to the uterus

Is a remnant of the gubernaculum

Question 15

Describe the round ligament

Answer 15

Attaches the ovary to the labium majus

Remnant of gubernaculum

Question 16

What is meant by water under the bridge?

Answer 16

Ureters pass under the uterine artery/ vas deferens

Question 17

Describe antiverted and antiflexed

Answer 17

Uterus is antiverted relative to vagina, and antiflexed relative to cervix.
The angle is <180, more is retro

Question 18

Describe the vaginas epithelium

Answer 18

Stratified squamous

Contains glycogen which lactobacilli feed off creating the low ph

Question 19

What are the lateral anatomical relations of the vagina?

Answer 19

Ureter and uterine artery

Question 20

Where is a speculum placed?

Answer 20

In the vagina to view the cervix

Question 21

How may infection spread into peritoneum from the female repro tract?

Answer 21

Through vagina, then uterus, then to the end of the uterine tubes which open up to the peritoneum

Question 22

In a bimanual examination, what structures can be palpated anterior and posterior to the fornix?

Answer 22

Vesico-uterine pouch

Recto-uterine pouch