S2.1 The Female Repro System Flashcards
What is the ovary?
An ovum producing reproductive organ. It’s oocytes are released into the peritoneal cavity and then trapped by the fimbrae.
Ovary lymphatics drain into the…
Para-aortic lymph nodes
What is the uterus?
A thick walled organ where the embryo can implant and develop.
What are the anatomical relations of the uterus?
Anterior - bladder
Posterior - rectus
Describe the two pouches in the female
Vesico-uterine pouch - between bladder and uterus
Recto-uterine pouch (Douglas) - between uterus and rectum
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla of uterine (fallopian) tubes
Why do women get acid reflux and urinary frequency in pregnancy?
Uterus pushes organs such as the stomach causing reflux.
Uterus can also compress bladder.
Describe the appearance of the cervix during pregnancy
Before pregnancy, external os is round shaped, after it is slit shaped
What is the broad ligament?
Double layer of peritoneum covers most of the pelvic floor
Describe the suspensory ligament
Surrounds the ovarian vessels
Describe the mesovarium
Suspends the ovary
Describe the mesosalpinx
Attaches ovary to Fallopian tube
Describe the mesometrium
Mesentery of the uterus
Describe the ligament of the ovary
Attaches the ovary to the uterus
Is a remnant of the gubernaculum
Describe the round ligament
Attaches the ovary to the labium majus
Remnant of gubernaculum
What is meant by water under the bridge?
Ureters pass under the uterine artery/ vas deferens
Describe antiverted and antiflexed
Uterus is antiverted relative to vagina, and antiflexed relative to cervix.
The angle is <180, more is retro
Describe the vaginas epithelium
Stratified squamous
Contains glycogen which lactobacilli feed off creating the low ph
What are the lateral anatomical relations of the vagina?
Ureter and uterine artery
Where is a speculum placed?
In the vagina to view the cervix
How may infection spread into peritoneum from the female repro tract?
Through vagina, then uterus, then to the end of the uterine tubes which open up to the peritoneum
In a bimanual examination, what structures can be palpated anterior and posterior to the fornix?
Vesico-uterine pouch
Recto-uterine pouch
