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S7(4)a Geography EB - Keywords > S7 Topic 03 - Economy of Europe > Flashcards

S7 Topic 03 - Economy of Europe Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary sector

A

Extraction and processing of raw materials

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2
Q

Secondary sector

A

Transformation of raw material into finished goods

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3
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Provision of services(Non-tangible goods) instead of end products

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4
Q

Quaternary sector

A

Advances technology’s (generally in computers and communications), requires advanced education

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5
Q

Fourastie Model / Clarke Model

A

Shows change in employment structures over time

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6
Q

System

A

inputs , proccesses and outputs (e.g the agricultural system)

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7
Q

intensive farming

A

high crop yieldes, using large machinery and chemicals to meet the demand

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8
Q

extensive farming

A

smaller inputs of labour, quality

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9
Q

commercial

A

focus on producing crops or lifestock in the market, aiming for profit

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10
Q

agri-business

A

includes various commercial activities (production,processin,distribution,food processing)

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11
Q

yield

A

total amount of agricultural output

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12
Q

markets

A

where (and to whom) goods are sold

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13
Q

sustainability

A

Practices that meet current agricultural needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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14
Q

Subsistence Farming

A

Growing food primarily for personal consumption (little surplus for sale)

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15
Q

Commercial Farming

A

Agriculture focused on producing goods for sale in markets (profit)

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16
Q

Monoculture

A

Growing a single crop on a large scale, often for efficiency but with potential environmental risks

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17
Q

Arable farming

A

growing crops on cultivated land for food etc.

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18
Q

Pastoral farming

A

Raising livestock or meat, dairy on natural pastures

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19
Q

Mixed farming

A

Combination of arable and pastoral farming on the same farm

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20
Q

Intensive agruculture

A

Big farms with high levels of inputs and a focus on quantity of production

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21
Q

Extensive agriculture

A

Smaller farms or farms more generally with much lower levels of inputs and with a focus on quality (often associated with organic agriculture)

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22
Q

CAP

A

Common agriculture Policy (1962)- want to secure food supplies for affordable price for consumer

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23
Q

Food security

A

Reliable access to nutritious food

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24
Q

Food trade balance

A

is the difference between the value of a country’s exports and imports

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25
Q

Improved Pasture

A

Dryland perennial grasses that grow with the purpose of grazing livestock

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26
Q

Small inputs

A

Minimal quantity

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27
Q

Organic (free range)

A

System of agriculture that doesn’t include the use of fertilizers and pesticides

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28
Q

Environmentally friendly

A

Not harmful to the environment, something that tries to help the ecosystem

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29
Q

High self-sufficiency

A

The farm can work on its own and does not required outside input to function.

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30
Q

No fodder in winter

A

There is no food to feed horses or cow or sheep in the killary farm forcing the to buy it.

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31
Q

Lack of fish

A

There are no more fish in the wild

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32
Q

Low productivity

A

Due the less exploitative nature of the farm it will produce less compared to intensive farms

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33
Q

Improved soil

A

Due to a focus on extensive agriculture the soil it is left in better health

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34
Q

Transnational organisation

A

an entity that operates beyond national boundaries with the support oa at least one nation

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35
Q

International labour market

A

an informal employment market that exists globally to meet the supply and demand of talent for multinational corporations

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36
Q

Foreign direct investment

A

purchase of an asset in another country (investment in another country)

37
Q

Government/local policies

A

any policy which may encourage investment in an area or region

38
Q

Trade hubs

A

a point at which there is a regular, easy and open market for the purchase and sale of goods with multiple buyers and sellers (think transport and TEN-T)

39
Q

Human inputs

A

Labour, skills, enterprise

40
Q

Relocation

A

Movement of businesses or factories to another geographic area

41
Q

Kaizen

A

continual small improvements in manufacturing and industry to bring about more and more efficiencies

42
Q

Just-in-time-production

A

Only produce what is needed, just in time before it is needed. Avoids surpluses and waste.

43
Q

Alliances

A

Car companies may work together in order to improve profitibility and decrease costs

44
Q

Transport

A

crucial in a sector where location next to raw materials is less important

45
Q

Hight-technology industries

A

An industry using or involoving advanced methods and the most modern equipment

46
Q

Science park

A

A site of conglomeration of related scientific industries, eg. Campeon (Infineon)

47
Q

Footloose industries

A

General term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as recousrces or transport

48
Q

Research / education centres

A

critical when considering high-tech industries require highl-skilled and specialised workers

49
Q

Knowledge economy

A

and economy in wich growth is dependent on the quantity, quality and accessibility of information

50
Q

Quaternary sector

A

the industry based on human knowledge

51
Q

Science park

A

an area devoted to scientific research or the development of science-based or technological industries

52
Q

Global connectivity

A

Innovation Diffusion - the spread of ideas

53
Q

Conglomeration

A

When similary activities, industries and companies are grouped together (synonym for aglomeration)

54
Q

Clustering/agglomeration

A

Related industries and businesses locating close to each other (synonym for conglomeration)

55
Q

GDP

A

Gross domestic product: total output of a country

56
Q

Employment

A

The state of being paid for work

57
Q

Retail

A

Sale of goods and services to the consumer

58
Q

Personal services

A

Commercial services such as catering and cleaning that supply the personal needs of customers

59
Q

Financial services

A

Professional services involving the investment, lending, and management of money and assets.

60
Q

Transport

A

Service that provides movement for people and goods

61
Q

Out-sourcing

A

Providing a service from a cheaper location (e.g a call centre for Deutsche Bahn in India)

62
Q

Trade services

A

Can be performed by individuals outside a country: manufacturing, consulting, engineering, finance (e.g the service can be traded or sold beyond a country’s borders)

63
Q

Non-trade services

A

Can realistically only be performed by domestic workforce (e.g the service exists and is performed for the benefit of the domestic population)

64
Q

Tourism

A

The activity of visiting a region or country not home to the visiting person.

65
Q

Social sustainability

A

Specifying and managing both positive and negative impacts of systems, processes, organisations, and activities on people and social life

66
Q

Economic sustainability

A

Practices that support long-term economic growth wihtout negativelz impacting social, environmental, and cultural aspects of the community.

67
Q

Butler’s model

A

Looks at the way a tourist resort grows and develops over time. It is made up of a number of stages and ends with decline, stagnation or rejuvenation.

68
Q

Stagnation

A

With respect to the Butler model, whereby tourism no longer continues to grow nor necline in a region or resort.

69
Q

Consolidation

A

The action or process of related tourism businesses being purchases and joined together by a single compnay, e.g two small hotels purchased and turned in to one large Hilton hotel.

70
Q

Tourism

A

Travel for leisure, business, or recreational purposes.

71
Q

Economic sustainability

A

Ensuring that economic activities are carried out in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

72
Q

Rejuvenation

A

The act of restoring or renewing something to a more youthful or vigorous state, in the context of the Butler model it is when investment is put in to a tourist resort to encourage growth or a change in market (to increase profits)

73
Q

Climate

A

The long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation in an area (average over 30 years).

74
Q

Mass tourism

A

Tourism on a large scale, typically involving a large number of people visiting popular destinations - most commonly assocaited with negative impacts.

75
Q

Accessibility

A

The ease with which people can reach or use a place, service, or resource.

76
Q

Inputs

A

(System) Something put into a system or expended in its operation to achieve output or a result.

77
Q

Outputs

A

(System) The results or end of a system, e.g in an agricultural system that which is produced.

78
Q

Environmental impacts

A

The consequence of action or activity on the physical environment (e.g farming or tourim)

79
Q

High technology

A

Those industries that use research and technology to create products of high value e.g. medicines and electronics. • Hi-tech industries are said to be footloose, not tied to a location

80
Q

Industries

A

Group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods, services, or sources of income.

81
Q

Footloose industries

A

refers to an industry that can be located at any place without effect from factors of production such as resources, land, labour, and capital

82
Q

Research/education centres

A

Often associated with science parks or high-tech industries as they are a source of highly-skilled and educated labour

83
Q

State employment

A

Jobs provided by the government of a country, e.g administration, education etc.

84
Q

Quartenary activities

A

The quaternary sector of the economy is based upon the economic activity that is associated with either the intellectual or knowledge-based economy

85
Q

CBD

A

Central business district - the most central area of a city where land prices are typically highest and land is at a premium.

86
Q

Malls

A

A large, often enclosed shopping complex containing various stores, businesses, and restaurants usually accessible by common passageways

87
Q

Entertainment services

A

The provision of non-tangible opportunities for recreation, e.g sport, cinemas, music venues.

88
Q

Location factors

A

Factors affecting the location of industries - e.g access to raw materials, land, water, labor, capital, power, transport, and market.

89
Q

Processes

A

(System) the elements in the centre of a system whereby things take place or are stored, e.g in an agricultural system harvesting is a process.

S7(4)a Geography EB - Keywords (4 decks)

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