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Science > S4W8 > Flashcards

S4W8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Knee injuries are difficult to treat because

A

the cartilage of the knee does not repair itself

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2
Q

A new concept in the treatments of knee injuries is the transplantation of

A

chondrocytes

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3
Q

The shaft of a long bone is the

A

diaphysis

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4
Q

To what part of the bone do tendons and ligaments attach?

A

periosteum

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5
Q

Bone that consists mainly of tightly packed tissue is called

A

compact bone

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6
Q

Bone that consists of numerous branching bony plates separated by irregular spaces is called

A

spongy or cancellous

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7
Q

The medullary cavity of a long bone is filled with

A

marrow

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8
Q

Bones that develop from layers of membranous connective tissue are called

A

intramembranous bones

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9
Q

Bones that develop from masses of hyaline cartilage are called

A

endocondral bones

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10
Q

The band of cartilage between the mprimary and secondary ossification centers in long bones is called the

A

epiphyseal disk

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11
Q

Once bone formation is complete, the bone _________ throughout life.

A

is remodeled

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12
Q

When a bone is fractured, a hematoma is formed from blood escaping from

A

the periosteum

blood vessels within the bone

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13
Q

The gap between broken ends of a fractured bone is filled by a

A

cartilaginous callus

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14
Q

To accomplish movement, bones and muscles function together to act as

A

levers

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15
Q

Which of the following bones contain red marrow for blood cell formation in a healthy adult

A

pelvis

ribs

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16
Q

Damaged bone marrow can be replaced by a

A

marrow transplant

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17
Q

A new technique in harvesting bone marrow for transplantation involves giving the donor a biochemical in order to

A

permit blood-forming cells form the donor’s bloodstream

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18
Q

Which of the following inorganic salts are stored in bone?

A

calcium

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19
Q

The hormone associated with the development of osteoporosis is

A

estrogen

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20
Q

List the major parts of the axial skeleton

A

skull, hyoid, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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21
Q

List the major parts of the appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, legs

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22
Q

The only movable bone of the skull is the

A

mandible

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23
Q

The bone that forms the back of the skull and joins the skull along the lamboidal suture is the ________ bone.

A

occipital

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24
Q

The upper jaw is formed by the ________ bones

A

maxillary

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25
Q

The membranous areas (soft spots) of an infant’s skull are called __________.

A

fontanels

26
Q

What part of the vertebral column acts as a shock absorber?

A

intervertebral disks

27
Q

Which of the vertebrae suppor the most weight?

A

lumbar

28
Q

The functions of the thoracic cage include

A
  1. production of blood cells
  2. contribution to breathing
  3. protection of heart and lungs
  4. support of the shoulder girdle
29
Q

True ribs articulate with _______ and _______.

A

thoracic vertebrae

sternum

30
Q

The pectoral girdle is made up of two _______ and two _______.

A

clavicles

scapula

31
Q

The wrist consists of

A

8 carpal bones

32
Q

The _______ crosses over the ulna when the palm of the hand faces backward.

A

radius

33
Q

When the hands are placed on the hips, they are placed over the

A

iliac crest

34
Q

The longest bone in the body is the

A

femur

35
Q

The lower end of the fibula can be felt as an ankle bone. The correct name is the

A

lateral malleolus

36
Q

Synovial membrane is found in

A

freely movable joints

37
Q

The function of bursae is to

A

facilitate movement of tendons over bones

38
Q

The type of joint that permits the widest range of motion is

A

ball-and-socket

39
Q

Moving the parts at a joint so that the angle between them is increased is caleld

A

extension

40
Q

List the tissue found in bones

A

bone

cartilage

epithelial

fibrous connective

blood

nervous

41
Q

What is the structural difference between compact and spongy bone?

A

compact is very tightly packed

spongy bone is highly branch, thin bone plates that contain a lot a space

42
Q

The vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone whose function is the formation and repair of bone tissue is the _______.

A

periosteum

43
Q

What bones are intramembranous bones? How do they develop?

A

flat bones of skull that ebgin as sheets of connective tissue which then become osteoblasts later, and eventually osteocytes

44
Q

What bones are endochondral bones? How do they develop? Be sure to include descriptions of the primary ossification center, the secondary ossification center, and the epiphyseal disk.

A

Most boens of the skeleton are endochondral (arms, legs, ribs, etc) that begin life as cartilage which begins to ossify in the middle and then ossification moves out to ends

a band of cartilage is left between the 2 areas called an epiphyseal disk, which ossifies after puberty

45
Q

When is ossification complete?

A

adulthood

46
Q

How can an X ray show that long bone growth is complete?

A

an x ray will show the growth plates closed and fused

47
Q

Describe the homeostasis fo bone tissue.

A

Bone tissue is constantly being dissolved and remodeled by osteoclasts and osteoblasts throughout an individual’s life

48
Q

How is the fracture of a bone healed?

A

when bone breaks, a clot forms which then ossifies

over time, the ossified clot is smooth down and the bone returns to normal

49
Q

What boens function primarily to provide support?

A

feet, legs, pelvis, and backbone

50
Q

What boens function primarily to protect viscera?

A

ribs, sternum, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle

51
Q

How do bones function with muscles to produce movement?

A

they function together as levers

52
Q

Where are blood cells formed in the embryo? In the infant? In the adult?

A

In an embryo, blood cells are made in the yolk sac.

In infants, blood cells are made in spleen and liver

In adults, the bones

53
Q

What is the difference between red and yellow marrow?

A

red marrow makes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

yellow marrow functions as fat storage

54
Q

Describe a bone marrow transplant

A

Red marrow is removed from donor and then injected into blood stream of recipient

55
Q

What are the major inorganic salts stored in bone? What other salts and heavy metals can also be stored in bone?

A

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate

56
Q

How is calcium released from bone so that it is available for physiiologic processes?

A

Osteoclasts break down bone, releasing the calcium into the blood

57
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A thinning of the bones due to an excessive loss of bonen volume and mineral content

58
Q

What are the two major divisions of the skeleton?

A

axial and appendicular

59
Q

List the bones found in each of the major division

A

axial - skuill, vertebral column, hyoid, thoracic cage

appendicular - pectoral girdle, legs, arms, pelvic girdle

60
Q

Describe the structure and function of a freely movable joint?

A

articulating bones surrounded by a ligaments with bursae in between many to shock absorb

freely movable joints are useful for their varied movements allowed and are versatile

Science (12 decks)

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