S4.2.2 Glossary Flashcards
meristem tissue
Tips of roots and shoots where stem cells are found, these are the growing parts of plants
absorption
The process of taking something in
active transport
The movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, using energy
air movement
Also known as wind, one of the factors which affects transpiration
amino acids
The monomer of protein
carbon dioxide
One of the reactants for photosynthesis
cell sap
A solution of water, sugars and salts found in the vacuole of plant cells
cellulose
A structural carbohydrate which makes up cell walls
chlorophyll
A pigment which absorbs all colours of light, except green which it reflects
chloroplasts
The part of the plant cell which contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis
chromatogram
The result of carrying out chromatography
chromatography
A separating technique which separates a mixture of soluble substances
communicable diseases
Diseases which can be spread between organisms
concentration
The amount of a solute dissolved in a solvent
control methods
Ways of preventing the spread of disease
control variables
Variables which are kept the same during an experiment
differentiate
When cells become specialised for a particular function
dissolved
A solute spreads out in a solvent
endothermic reaction
A reaction which absorbs energy, e.g. photosynthesis
fungus
A single or multicellular organism which grows in moist conditions
guard cells
Cells which control the opening and closing of stomata
leaves
Organ of plant where photosynthesis, gas exchange and transpiration take place
light intensity
How bright light is, measured in lux
lignin
A structural molecule which provides support to xylem vessels in a plant
magnesium ions
Magnesium atoms which have lost two electrons to become positively charged
mineral ions
Any metal which has lost electrons
mobile phase
This is what moves during chromatography, e.g. the solvent
multicellular organism
Organism made of more than one cell
nitrate ions
Nitrogen molecules used by plants to make protein
osmosis
The movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, across a partially permeable membrane
oxygen
A by-product of photosynthesis
phloem
Vessels which transport dissolved sugars up and down the plant
photosynthesis
A chemical reaction which uses energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen
pigments
Coloured substances
plant organ system
A collection of plant organs which work together to perform a function
plant pathogen
A microorganism which causes disease in plants
plant structure
How plants are arranged in tissues, organs and organ systems
pondweed
A plant which grows underwater
pores
Small holes in a surface, e.g. skin or leaves
proteins
Polymers made of amino acids
rate of photosynthesis
How quickly photosynthesis occurs
respiration
Chemical reaction that releases energy in cells
Rf value
A known value allowing for the identification of a substance by chromatography
root
Plant organ which is repsonsible for absorbing water and minerals from soil
root hair cell
Specialised cell which is adapted to absorb water and minerals from soil
rose black spot
A plant disease caused by a fungus which causes dark purple or black spots to form on leaves
shoot
The growing part at the end of the stem
solvent
A liquid into which something dissolves
spores
Reproductive cells of fungi
starch
A polymer made of glucose
stationary phase
This is what does not move in paper chromatography, e.g. the paper
stem
Plant organ which provides support and transports substances
stomata
Small holes in the surface of the leaf which allow gases in and out
temperature
A measurement of how hot or cold something is
tobacco mosaic virus
A pathogen which causes a mosaic pattern on the leaves of a plant
translocation
The movement of dissolved sugars up and down the plant
transpiration
The evaporation of water from the leaves
water
A reactant for photosynthesis
water uptake
The amount of absorption of water happening through the roots
water vapour
The gaseous form of water
xylem
The vessel which transports water up the plant
