Plants and Photosynthesis Flashcards
Name the four parts of a plant
Roots, stem, leaves, flower
State the function of the roots
Absorb water and minerals from the soil, anchorage
State the function of the stem
Transport of water, minerals, sugars and amino acids, support
State the function of the leaves
Photosynthesis to produce food for the plant
State the function of the flower
Reproduction
What is meristem tissue?
Area of the plant where cells are dividing by mitosis
Where is meristem tissue found?
Tips of roots and shoots
Define transpiration
Loss of water from the leaves
How does water vapour exit the leaves?
Through stomata by diffusion
State the four factors which affect transpiration
Light intensity, temperature, humidity, air movement
Which vessel is responsible for carrying water and minerals around the plant?
Xylem
What piece of equipment can be used to measure the rate of transpiration?
Potometer
Define translocation
The movement of dissolved sugars and amino acids around the plant
What form of sugar is transported around the plant?
Sucrose
Which vessel is responsible for carrying sucrose and amino acids around the plant?
Phloem
What separating technique can be used to separate different pigments within a mixture?
Chromatography
Why must the origin line be drawn in pencil?
To prevent it being carried up the paper
What is the mobile phase?
The phase which moves - the solvent
Name two examples of solvents
Water and an alcohol, e.g. ethanol
What is the stationary phase?
The phase which does not move - the paper
How do you calculate the Rf value of a pigment?
Distance moved by compound ÷ Distance moved by the solvent
Where should the distance moved by the compound and solvent be measured from?
From the origin line
What does it mean if a spot is left on the origin left after chromatogarphy is carried out?
The pigment is insoluble in the solvent
State the reactants for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water
State the products of photosynthesis
Glucose and oxygen
Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplasts
Which pigment in leaves absorbs the sunlight needed for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
How do plants store glucose?
As starch
State three factors which affect photosynthesis
Light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration
What are stomata?
Holes in the leaf which allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
How are the stomata able to open and close?
Guard cells fill with water to open the stomata or close the stomata when water leaves the guard cells
Name two plant diseases
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and rose black spot
Which type of pathogen causes TMV?
Virus
Which type of pathogen causes rose black spot?
Fungus
How is rose black spot spread between plants?
Fungal spores
How can the spread of rose black spot be prevented?
Watering the plants at the base, not on the leaves; planting roses far apart to allow air movement; clearing up old leaves that have fallen off the plants; fungicides
How can the spread of TMV be prevented?
Washing gardening tools and hands after touching infected plants; not using infected soil for 2 years
Name the process by which water evaporates through stomata in the leaves.
transpiration
What two products are produced when carbon dioxide and water combine in photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen
