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MedSurg > S3E2 > Flashcards

S3E2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac risk factors

A

Males
Age related
African American
Alcohol use/abuse
Obesity
Glucose intolerance
Diabetes
Inactivity
⬆️ lipids
Stress
⬆️cholesterol

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2
Q

Hypertension s/s

A

HA
Dizziness
Fatigues
Palpitations
SOB

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3
Q

CAD risk factors

A

Former smoker
Obesity
Hx of htn
Inactivity
Hx of Diabetes
Stress
⬆️ lipids
Age
African / Native American
Fm hx

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4
Q

Disease that consist of plaque and fat buildup or blockage and may damage major blood vessels

A

Coronary artery disease

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5
Q

P wave

A

atrium depolarization
.06-0.12

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6
Q

PR interval

A

p wave to pqrs complex
0.12-0.2

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7
Q

QRS interval

A

time ventricle depolarization
<.12

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8
Q

ST

A

isometric; time between ventricular Contraction and repolarization; diastole

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9
Q

T-wave

A

relax; depolarization ventricular

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10
Q

QT interval

A

time for entire depolar/repolar of ventricles

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11
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

60-100, all normal

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12
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

<60, all else normal

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13
Q

Tx for Sinus Bradycardia

A

stop, hold reduce meds
Rapid Iv push atropine
Atropine no work? Transcutaneous pacing
Dopamine/epi infusion
Permanent pacemaker

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14
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

101-180, all other normal

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15
Q

Tx for Sinus tachycardia

A

underlying cause
Pain? Pain relief
Vagal maneuver
IV b-Blockers
Calcium channel blockers IV/PO diltiazem
Unstable? Synchronized cardioversion

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16
Q

MI clinical manifestations

A

Pain → “heavy,” “persistent,” “crushing
Located: substernal, epigastric area radiate to the neck, lower jaw, arms/back
With activity or rest, asleep or awake
Last greater than 10 minutes
More severe than chronic angina pain

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17
Q

Unstable Angina Clinical manifestations

A

New?
Occurs at rest or activity
longer duration
effortless
> 10 min
SOB
nausea
dizziness
palpitations
heaviness
tightness
radiating pain jaw to neck to arm
isn’t relieve with typical measures
Women: upset stomach/upper back pain

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18
Q

Unstable angina Risk factors

A

Former smoker
Obesity
Hx of htn
Inactivity
Hx of Diabetes
Stress
⬆️ lipids
Age
African / Native American
Fm hx

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19
Q

Unstable angina Nursing managements

A

Onset of pain
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating factors
relief?
radiation?
Treatment go to ACS

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20
Q

ACS Risk factors

A

Former smoker
Obesity
Hx of htn
Inactivity
Hx of Diabetes
Stress
⬆️ lipids
Age
African / Native American
Fm hx

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21
Q

ACS Clinical manifestations

A

Think unstable angina, STEMI, & NSTEMI

New? Occurs at rest or activity, longer duration, effortless, > 10 min, SOB, nausea, dizziness, palpitations, heaviness, tightness, radiating pain jaw to neck to arm, isn’t relieve with typical measures.
Women: upset stomach/upper back pain

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22
Q

Assessments for ACS

A

s/s
Pt hx of pain
Risk factors
Health hx

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23
Q

ACS labs, exams, tests

A

EKG
Troponins (T=<0.1, I=<0.03)
Cardiac cath
CKMB
Lipids
CRP (c-reactive protein=marker for inflammation)
BNP (brain
Chemistries
coags
CBC
CXR
Echo (heart US)
Tee ( Tranesogial echo)
Stress test

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24
Q

ACS goal and nurse management’s

A

Goals: Pain relief & increased cardiac output! Pain relief, Quick & appropriate treatment, Preserve the heart muscle

Continuous telemetry
VS w/SpO2 → frequently, q1hr
Serial 12-lead EKGs
Serial cardiac biomarkers → troponins
Bed rest, limit activity for 12-24 hrs
Oxygen
UA/NSTEMI → heparin infusion,asa, clopidogrel
○ Cardiac cath
STEMI → reperfusion therapy (PCI or thrombolytics)
Pt. teaching → risk reduction, expectations, medications, labs, follow up appt, activity
Anxiety
Monitor all lab work

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25
Q

ACS surgical interventions

A

Cardiac catheterization
● PCI → balloon angioplasty
○ Stent placement
○ Nursing management p. 839
● Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
○ Can be done via sternotomy or
minimally invasive

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26
Q

Post cath lab nurse management

A

Monitor insertion site
Monitor bleeding or hematoma
Check all pulse involved in the artery line
Bed rest for the appropriate time length
VS
Dysrhythmia
Kidney levels
Head to toe asses
Cardiac
Plum
Neuro
Extremity perfusion
Pain
Tele monitoring

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27
Q

NSTEMI nursing management

A

-aspirin
-heparin infusion prior
-May undergo cardiac catheterization within 12-72 hours → Gold standard to identify and localize the arterial disease
-🚫 Thrombolytic therapy

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28
Q

STEMI cath lab key points

A

-90 minutes to PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention
-Emergent PCI
-Open the blocked artery within 90min
-We are “intervening” in order to restore perfusion
○ Balloon angioplasty
○ Intracoronary stents
-Thrombolytic therapy
○ Done when there is not access to a
cardiac cath lab
-Some sort of treatment is needed otherwise the STEMI will continue to evolve

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29
Q

Sudden Cardiac Death Risk factors

A

● CAD w/prior MI
● LV dysfunction
● Structural heart disease
○ LV hypertrophy
○ Myocarditis
○ Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
● Changes in conduction system
○ Prolonged QT syndrome
○ Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

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30
Q

Sudden Cardiac Death Clinical manifestations

A

-Angina
-palpitation
-dizzy

● V-fib
● May have symptoms within 1 hour of SCD

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31
Q

Sudden Cardiac Death Nursing management

A

Determine underlying cause → Acute
MI?, Undiagnosed CAD?
○ Cardiac cath
○ PCI
○ CABG
● Assess for dysrhythmias
● Holter monitor
● ICD → to prevent recurrence
● Medications such as amiodarone
● Education → disease, anxiety,
depression, emotional support

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32
Q

Inflammatory cardiac disease Pathophysiology

A

Inflammation of heart muscles and lining of the heart area
-Infective Endocarditis (IE)
-Acute Pericarditis
-Myocarditis
-Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic heart
disease

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33
Q

Infective endocarditis Pathophysiology

A

-Disease of the endocardium& heart valves
-When blood flow allows organisms to contact& infect previously damaged heart valves or heart surfaces

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34
Q

Infective endocarditis clinical manifestations

A

**new or worsening systolic murmur
**Vascular signs
□ Black lines in nail beds
□ Petechiae
□ Osler’s nodes (panful, tender,
red pea-size lesions on the
fingertips or toes)

Non specific and involve multiple systems
Fever
Chills
Weakness
Fatigue
Anorexia

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35
Q

Infective endocarditis nursing assessment

A

□ CO
□ s/s infection
□ Fever
□ joint pain
□ Fatigue
□ head to toe assessment
□ Skin
□ Pain
□ ADLs

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36
Q

Infective endocarditis patient education

A

***May need home care for IV abx&prior to dental procedures

                    □ Help reduce infection &
                         recurrence of IE
			□ Rest periods
			□ Good oral hygiene and regular
                         dental appointments
			□ Continuing antibiotics per
                          orders
			□ s/s of infection
			□ When to contact HCP
			□ Risk factors of IE
			□ S/s of stroke
			□ Pulmonary edema & HF
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37
Q

IE: take prior to dental procedures

A

Antibiotics

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38
Q

IE: new or worsening _______

A

Murmur

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39
Q

IE: painful lesions/nodes on fingertips and toes

A

Oslers

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40
Q

IE: disease of the inner most layer of the heart

A

IE

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41
Q

IE: can break off and cause emboli

A

Vegetation

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42
Q

IE: may need this if infection here

A

Valve replacement

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43
Q

IE: occurs from vessel damage (vasculitis)

A

Black lines

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44
Q

IE: a risk factor for this disease

A

IV drug abuse

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45
Q

Rheumatic fever Pathophysiology

A

Inflammatory disease caused by strep A that can involve all layers of the heart
□ Heart
□ Skin (subq nodules)
□ Joints (muscle and joint aches)
□ CNS

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46
Q

Rheumatic heart disease Pathophysiology

A

Chronic scarring and deformity of heart valves resulting from abnormal immune response to streptococcus (RF)
-mitral and aortic valves are most affected
-Affects children and young adults

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47
Q

vegetation

A

deposits of fibrin and blood cells in areas of erosion → thickening of valve leaflets → calcification → stenosis! → cannot close properly → regurgitation

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48
Q

Rheumatic fever & heart disease clinical manifestations

A

Aschoff’s bodies

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49
Q

Rheumatic fever & heart disease nurse management

A

-head to toe assessment
□ skin for rashes and nodules
-monitor for fatigue, impaired cardiac function, pain and infection
-optimal positioning for relief of painful joints
-provide adequate rest
-early detection and immediate treatment for group A strep can prevent RF
-educate on full course of medication/treatment and disease progression/management
-Reach out if experiencing :
® Excessive fatigue
® Dizziness
® Palpitations
® Unexplained wt gain
® Exertional dyspnea
may need prophylactic abx upon discharge
□ minimum 5 years
□ some need lifelong

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50
Q

RF/RHD: lead to scar tissue in myocardium

A

Aschoffs bodies

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51
Q

RF/RHD: can be caused by this

A

Strep A

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52
Q

RF/RHD: this can lead to valve regurgitation

A

Vegetations

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53
Q

RF/RHD: aschoffs bodies can lead to this…rheumatic ________

A

Pericarditis

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54
Q

RF/RHD: disease: chronic scarring & deformity of heart valves

A

RHD

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55
Q

RF/RHD: may need this lifelong

A

Antibiotics

56
Q

RF/RHD: inflammatory disease that can involve all layers of the heart

A

Rheumatic fever

57
Q

RF/RHD: teach patient that this can develope

A

Valve disease

58
Q

Pericarditis Pathophysiology

A

Inflammation of the pericardial sac, often with fluid accumulation

-Common causes
		Unknown viral
		Bacterial (pneumococci, staph, strep,
                                TB, septicemia)
		Fungal
		Viral-hepatitis, mumps, adenovirus,
                HIV
		Acute MI
		Cancers
		Medication reactions
		RF
59
Q

Pericarditis Pathophysiology

A

Inflammation of the pericardial sac, often with fluid accumulation

-Common causes
		Unknown viral
		Bacterial (pneumococci, staph, strep,
                                TB, septicemia)
		Fungal
		Viral-hepatitis, mumps, adenovirus,
                HIV
		Acute MI
		Cancers
		Medication reactions
		RF
60
Q

Pericarditis Clinical manifestations

A

Pericardial friction rub
-Scratching, grating, high-pitched
sound as friction between
roughened pericardial and epicardial
surfaces
-Heard lower left sternal border with
pt leaning forward
-Progressive, severe, sharp chest pain
-Worse with deep inspiration & when lying flat
-Referred pain to trapezius muscle
-Dyspnea

61
Q

Pericarditis complications

A

Cardiac tamponade
Pericardial effusion

62
Q

Pericarditis complications s/s

A

□ Chest pain
□ Confusion, anxious, restless
□ ⬇️ CO
□ Muffled heart sounds
□ Narrowed pulse pressure
□ Tachycardia
□ ⬆️RR

63
Q

Pericarditis nurse management

A

○ Manage pain and anxiety
○ Assess pain and distinguish from
angina
○ Bedrest with HOB up to 45 degrees
○ Anti inflammatory medications
○ Monitor for cardiac tamponade and
⬇️ CO
○ Lean forward to relieve pain

64
Q

Pericarditis: an abnormal drop in systolic blood pressure during inspiration

A

Pulsus paradoxus

65
Q

Pericarditis: inflammation here leads to certain sound

A

Pericardial sac

66
Q

Pericarditis: can be caused by this other cardiac inflammatory process

A

Rheumatic fever

67
Q

Pericarditis: may hear this sound on cardiac assessment

A

Muffled

68
Q

Pericarditis: assess for this life threatening condition

A

Cardiac tamponade

69
Q

Pericarditis: lean the patient forward to hear this

A

Friction rub

70
Q

Pericarditis: lean the patient forward to hear this

A

Friction rub

71
Q

Pericarditis: the type of pain that can be felt in the trapezius

A

Referred

72
Q

Myocarditis Pathophysiology

A

-Focal or diffuse inflammation of the myocardium
-caused by:
○ virus
○ bacteria
○ fungi
○ radiation therapy

73
Q

Early Myocarditis s/s

A

7-10 days after viral infection
Fever
Fatigue
Malaise
Myalgias
N/V
*Pharyngitis
Dyspnea
lymphadenopathy

74
Q

Late Myocarditis s/s

A

development of HF
S3
Crackles
JVD
Syncope
peripheral edema
angina

75
Q

Myocarditis Nursing management

A

○ Improve CO
○ manage s/s
○ ⬇️ cardiac workload
○ semi-fowlers
○ spacing rest and active periods
○ quiet environment
○ medication administration and
evaluation of effect
○ monitor patient level of anxiety and
provide information about the plan
○ if on immunosuppressive meds →
monitor for infection and other
complications pericarditis often
accompanies myocarditis

76
Q

Myocarditis: immunosuppressive meds can lead to this

A

Infection

77
Q

Myocarditis: nursing management to _____ the cardiac workload

A

Decrease

78
Q

Myocarditis: decrease cardiac workload with ____&_____

A

Rest & activity

79
Q

Myocarditis: early s/s of this disease process

A

Pharyngitis

80
Q

Myocarditis: can accompany myocarditis

A

Pericarditis

81
Q

Myocarditis: this disease could be caused by

A

Viral infection

82
Q

Myocarditis: disease that causes inflammation to heart muscle

A

Myocarditis

83
Q

Myocarditis: this process causes inflammation here

A

Myocardium

84
Q

Valvular disorders: stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing

85
Q

Valvular disorders: regurgitation

A

incompetent or insufficient closure of a valve and backward blood flow occurs

86
Q

Valvular disorders: prolapse

A

valvular abnormality where part of the valve (leaflets) buckle back in

87
Q

Valvular disorders Nursing management

A

○ plan for normal heart function
○ improving activity tolerance
○ understanding of disease
○ ongoing cardiac assessment
○ prevent exacerbations of HF,
pulmonary edema, thromboembolism,
recurrent RF and IE
○ monitor dysrhythmias and treat
appropriately
○ maybe undergo balloon valvuloplasty,
valve repair
○ Maintain CO and function
○ Assist with fatigue
○ Maintain Fluid balance
○ Educate: disease management

88
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Pathophysiology

A

-Primary: idiopathic involving heart muscle
-most common type
-causes HF in 20%-45% of cases

-appears with diffuse inflammation and rapid degeneration of heart fibers → ventricular dilation, impaired systolic function, atrial enlargement and blood stasis in L ventricle

89
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Clinical manifestations

A

-acute after an infection or slowly
over time
-decreased exercise capacity
-Fatigue
-dyspnea at rest
-paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
-orthopnea: with disease progression
-dry cough
-Palpitations
-Dysrhythmias
§ heart murmur

90
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy nursing goals

A

enhance heart contractility
decrease preload and afterload
controlling Heart Failure

91
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy medications

A

-nitrates and diuretics-decrease
preload
-ace-inhibitors-reduce afterload
-beta-blockers-control
neurohormonal stimulation that
occurs with heart failure
-antidysrhythmics to treat
dysrhythmias
-anticoagulation therapy-reduce
embolic events

92
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy nursing management

A
  • improve CO
    -assess
    =worsening or improving symptoms
    =s/s of blood clot
    -teach to avoid underlying causes
    =EtOH
    -symptom management
    -possible heart transplant
    -cardiac resynchronization therapy and ICD
    -these patients can be very ill
    -poor prognosis
93
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy Pathophysiology

A

-least common type of cardiomyopathy
-a disease of the myocardium that impairs diastolic filling and stretch
-ventricles are resistant to filling and require high diastolic filling pressure to maintain CO

94
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy Clinical manifestations

A

fatigue
exercise intolerance
dyspnea
may also see
angina
orthopnea
syncope
palpitations
signs of HF
dyspnea
peripheral edema
weight gain
ascites
JVD

95
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy Nursing management

A
  • Treatment aims to improve diastolic filling and treating underlying disease process
  • similar treatments as HF and dysrhythmias
  • teach to avoid situations that impair ventricular filling and increase systemic vascular resistance such as strenuous activity and dehydration
  • Patient specific teaching, symptom management
  • can be at risk for IE from any procedure that may cause bacteremia
    □ will need prophylactic abx
96
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Pathophysiology

A

Genetic disorder

young adults; active, athletic persons

M > W

early identification is key

ventricular hypertrophy is associated with thickened septum and ventricular wall → poor filling, obstruction to outflow → decreasing CO

97
Q

4-main characteristics of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

massive ventricular hypertrophy

rapid, forceful contraction of the L ventricle

impaired relaxation (diastole)

obstruction to aortic outflow

98
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Clinical manifestations

A
  • can be asymptomatic
  • DOE, dyspnea
  • fatigue
  • angina
  • syncope
99
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Dx

A

exaggerated and displaced apical pulse

S4 and systolic murmur

EKG abnormalities

Echo with wall motion abnormalities

100
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy nursing management

A
  • improve ventricular filling by reducing ventricular contractility and relieve LV outflow obstruction
  • beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidysrhythmics
  • may need an ICD if at risk for SCD
  • AV pacing
  • surgical intervention for those that are unresponsive to medication therapy
  • relieving symptoms, observing for and preventing complications, emotional support
  • teach to avoid strenuous exercise and dehydration
  • rest and elevation of feet can improve venous return
  • Low sodium diet and fluids
101
Q

Cardiogenic shock Pathophysiology

A

● Occurs when either systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the heart’s pumping action results in reduced CO, SV and BP → compromising myocardial perfusion and depressing myocardial function and decrease CO and perfusion
● multiple causes
● leading cause of death from an acute MI
● systolic dysfunction primarily affects the LV
● when systolic dysfunction effects the R side of the heart, blood flow through the pulmonary circulation is reduced
● ⬇️ filling of the heart → ⬇️ SV

102
Q

Cardiogenic shock Clinical manifestations

A

tachycardia
hypotension
narrow pulse pressure
⬆️ SVR → ⬆️ myocardial O2 consumption

103
Q

Cardiogenic shock goals/Nursing management

A
  • Keep them alive
  • ABCs
  • Restore cardiac function
  • Balance oxygen supply/demand, Trach?
  • Cardiac cath
    □ Angioplasty
    □ Stenting
    □ Valve replacement
  • Support heart to optimize perfusion/ stroke volume
    -⬇️workload of heart with medications & mechanical interventions:
    □ VAD
    -⬇️ systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular work load
104
Q

Cardiomyopathy: causes high diastolic filling pressure

A

Restrictive

105
Q

Cardiomyopathy: changes structure and function of the heart

A

Cardiomyopathy

106
Q

Cardiomyopathy: a type of murmur with this disease

A

Systolic

107
Q

Cardiomyopathy: this form of the disease leads to impaired diastole

A

Hypertrophic

108
Q

Cardiomyopathy: this happens to the L ventricle

A

Dilation

109
Q

Cardiomyopathy: we need to control this chronic disease that develops

A

Heart failure

110
Q

Cardiomyopathy: teach to avoid ______ activity

A

Strenuous

111
Q

Cardiomyopathy: common clinical manifestation of this form of disease

A

Dyspnea

112
Q

Cardiomyopathy: this can occur due to ⬇️ in CO, SV, AND BP

A

Shock!

113
Q

A-fib Clinical characteristics

A

- PR interval is not measurable, “no discernable P wave”
- atrial rate can be 350-600 beats/min
- ventricular rates vary
- QRS is normal shape and duration
- can co-exist with A-flutter

114
Q

A-fib goal

A

⬇️ ventricular response**to <100 bpm
prevent stroke, convert to NSR if possible

115
Q

A-fib medications that might be used

A

■ calcium channel blockers
■ beta blockers
■ amiodarone
■ digoxin

116
Q

A-fib nurse management

A

● electrical conversion
● anticoagulation therapy to prevent stroke
○ warfarin
■ frequent INR monitoring
■ pt education
○ other anticoagulants
■ dabigatran
■ apixaban
■ rivaroxab

117
Q

Symptomatic A-fib not responsive to
medications or electrical conversion → ____________

A

ablation

○ destruction of the AV node
○ insertion of a permanent ventricular pacemaker

118
Q

A flutter Clinical characteristics

A

Atrial rate 200-350 beats/min
• Ventricular rate varies, typically 2:1
○ 2 atria to 1 ventricular beat
○ typically around 150 beats/min
• PR variable and not measurable
• QRS normal

119
Q

A flutter goal

A

slow ventricular response and restore normal sinus rhythm

120
Q

A flutter meds

A

Calcium channel blockers
beta blockers
antidysrhythmics
cardioversion in emergent situation
ablation

121
Q

A flutter meds

A

Calcium channel blockers
beta blockers
antidysrhythmics
cardioversion in emergent situation
ablation

122
Q

SVT clinical characteristics

A

*P wave may have abnormal shape or be hidden in preceding T wave
○ HR 151-220
○ regular or slightly irregular rhythm
○ PR interval may be shortened or normal
○ QRS complex is usually normal

123
Q

SVT meds

A

-IV beta blockers
-IV calcium channel blockers
-IV adenosine if unstable or has not responded to treatment

124
Q

SVT nurse management

A

• Vagal stimulation
○ valsalva
○ coughing

• Synchronized cardioversion
	○ used if patient becomes
           hemodynamically unstable,
           medication before synchronized
           shock
125
Q

V-tach clinical characteristics

A

*QRS complex is wide and distorted, greater than 0.12 seconds
*P wave is typically “buried” in the QRS
complex
*T wave is in the opposite direction of the QRS complex
*PR interval is not measurable

Ventricular rate is about 150-250 bpm
rhythm may appear regular or irregular

126
Q

V-tach nurse management for Stable patient with a pulse and decent left ventricular function

A

Identify the precipitating/underlying causes

○ IV medications
■ procainamide
■ lidocaine
■ amiodarone
○ electrolyte replacement (Mag)
○ stop meds that increase QT interval
○ cardioversion if medication therapy is ineffective

127
Q

V-tach nurse management for pulseless patient

A

LETHAL
● Treatm the same as V-fib
● No pulse = CPR with rapid defibrillation
● This may be followed by
○ vasopressors (epi)
○ antidysrhythmics

128
Q

V-fib clinical characteristics

A

*the ventricle is “quivering” with no effective contraction

irregular waveforms, varying shapes and
amplitude

129
Q

V-fib nurse management

A

LETHAL
● Immediate initiation of CPR and defibrillation
● may use medication as well
○ epinephrine
○ amiodaron

130
Q

Asystole clinical characteristics

A

*total absence of ventricular electrical activity

● no ventricular contraction
● patient will be unresponsive, pulseless and
apenic

131
Q

Asystole nurse management

A

LETHAL…immediate treatment…CPR
■ ABCs!
🚫cannot defib
○ medications you may use
■ epinephrine

132
Q

PVC Clinical characteristics

A

HR varies according to intrinsic rate and
number of PVCs
● Rhythm is irregular
● P is rarely visible
○ can be lost in the QRS complex
● PR interval not measurable
● QRS is wide and distorted, >0.12 sec
● T wave is generally large and opposite in
direction to the major direction of the QRS
complex

133
Q

PVC nurse management

A

Goal = relates to the cause of the PVCs (treating the underlying cause)
○ O2 for hypoxia
○ electrolyte replacement
○ hemodynamic stability
○ medications may be used
■ beta blockers
■ lidocaine
■ amiodaron

134
Q

Antidysrhythmic med nurse management

A

thorough assessments
baseline EKG
VS
s/s of decreased CO
baseline HR and rhythm
lung and heart sounds
review lab work
ongoing telemetry
frequent assessments
medication education
ABCs!

135
Q

Common dysthymic meds

A

Diltiazam
Digoxin
Beta blockers
Amioderone
Acls meds
Epinephrine
AdioderonE
Bicarbonate
Atropine
Lidocaine
Adenosine

136
Q

D-fib is tx for…..?

A

V-fib
Pulseless V-tach

137
Q

Synchronized cardio version can treat…..?

A

V-tach with a pulse
SVT
A-flutter with rapid ventricular rate

MedSurg (3 decks)

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