S.3.2 Flashcards
What are London dispersion forces?
Weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in molecules
They increase with the length of the carbon chain, leading to higher boiling points.
What functional groups are present in amino acids?
- Amines: -NH2
- Carboxylic acid: -COOH
Amino acids are formed in condensation reactions with the elimination of a molecule of water.
What is an amide link?
A peptide bond formed between two amino acids
This bond results from a condensation reaction.
What is the empirical formula for ethane?
C2H6
The molecular formula is also C2H6.
What does the structural formula represent?
The arrangement of atoms and functional groups in a molecule
It shows the relative positions of atoms in three dimensions.
What is the relationship between homologous series and functional groups?
Homologous series differ by a CH2 group and can be represented by the same general formula
They exhibit trends in physical properties.
How do functional groups affect organic compounds?
They influence the physical properties of organic compounds
Different functional groups can lead to varying boiling points and reactivity.
What is the order of volatility for organic compounds?
alkane > haloalkane > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > carboxylic acid
This order reflects increasing boiling points.
What is the IUPAC nomenclature for organic compounds based on?
- Number of carbon atoms in the longest chain
- Name of substituent
- Class of compound determined by functional group
This systematic naming helps in identifying the structure and composition of organic molecules.
How do you draw a skeletal formula?
Count the number of carbons and add branches as needed
Ensure that the double bond is in the lowest position.
What are the prefixes used for naming branches in a molecular structure?
- mono: 1
- di: 2
- tri: 3
- tetra: 4
These prefixes help indicate the number of identical substituents on the main carbon chain.
What is the molecular formula for benzene?
C6H6
Benzene is a simple aromatic compound.
