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Physics > S3 EXAM > Flashcards

S3 EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

Electrical current

A

Electric charge transferred per unit time

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2
Q

What do charged particles experience ?

A

Charged particles experience a force in an electric field

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3
Q

potential difference

A

a measure of the energy given to a charge carrier in a curcuit

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4
Q

TURD

A

the temperature of a conductor increases, the resistance of the conductor increases

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5
Q

ametere

A

measure amps in a curcuit

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6
Q

votlmeter

A

measure potential difference in a curcuit

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7
Q

ohmeter

A

measures the resistance in a curcuit

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8
Q

transister

A

an electric switch in a curcuit

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9
Q

electrical power

A

the amount of energy trasfered per unit time

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10
Q

effect of an increases in potetial diffrence

A

an increase in potetial diffrerence across a componant will increase the power developed across that componant

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11
Q

appropriate fuses

A

a 3A fuse should be selected for most appliences rated up to 720W, a 13A fuse for appliences rated over 720W

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12
Q

ionistation

A

the addition or removal of an electron from an atom

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13
Q

effect of ionisation on an atom

A

this will turn a neutrally charged atom positively or negetively charged ion

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14
Q

types of radiation

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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15
Q

what happens when radiation is emitted from the nucleus

A

energy is released, the energy is usally absorbrd by the medium through which the radiation is passing through

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16
Q

x-rays can cause ionisation. explain what is meant by ionisation

A

when an atom gains or loses electrons

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17
Q

alpha

A

helium nucleus
positively charged
slow and heavy
extremely ionising

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18
Q

beta

A

electrons
negetively charged
fast moving

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19
Q

gamma

A

high frequency waves
travel speed of light
no mass no electrical charge
weakly ionising

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20
Q

state two factors which can affect the background radiation level

A

the radon gas found in rocks and radiation that reaches earth from outer space a s cosmic rays

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21
Q

radiation safety procedures

A

limit time exposed to radiation
wear protective clothing
wash hands after using a radioactive source
don’t touch a radioactive source

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22
Q

applications of radiation

A

radiotherapy - gamma rays kill cancer cells and identify tumour
radioactive tracers- gamma rays to help diagnose illnesses
smoke detecter- alpha radiation easily absorbed by smoke detecter

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23
Q

activity

A

the number of nuclei decaying per second

24
Q

absorbed dose

A

the energy absorbed per unit mass of the absorbing material

25
Q

equivelent dose

A

the measure harm that could happen by radiation

26
Q

weigting factor

A

the measure of the biological effects of radiation

27
Q

half life

A

time for activity to drop yo half its value

28
Q

nucleur fission

A

nucleur fission happens when the nucleus of an atom is split in two, which causes a large amount of energy. this continues to happen causing a chain reaction

29
Q

nucleur fusion

A

nucleur fusion is the process which the nuclei of light elements combine or fuse togther, releasing a large amount of energy

30
Q

advantage and disandvantage of fusion

A

releases a large amount of energy more than nucleur fission

it is hard to acheive and needs large amounts of energy

31
Q

scaler quantities

A

is magnetude e.g energy distance speed

32
Q

vector quantities

A

magnitude and direction e.g acceleration, velocity, force

33
Q

velocity

A

speed of something in a given direction

34
Q

distance

A

the total length of path travelled

35
Q

displacement

A

the length and direction of a straight line from start to finish

36
Q

speed

A

the distance travelled each second

37
Q

instantaneous speed

A

the speed of an object at any given time

length of card divided by the time to pass through the light gate

38
Q

acceleration

A

the change in velocity per unit time

39
Q

state the acceleration of 2ms-2

A

the acceleration of 2ms-2 means that every second, the velocity increases by 2ms-1

40
Q

effect of forces

A

change the shape of an object
change the speed of an object
change the direction of a moving object

41
Q

friction

A

fiction acts between ant 2 surfaces in contact, it acts in the opposite direction to movement

42
Q

how can friction be reduced

A

reducing surface contact

creating an air gap

43
Q

friction effect on energy

A

friction causes energy to be transformed the heat energy which is usally lost to surroundings

44
Q

air resistance

A

a resistive force that can be reduced by steamlining an object

45
Q

balanced forces

A

when forces are equal in size but opposite in direction they are said to be balanced. this means there in no force and remains at rest or travelling at a consatant speed in a straight line

46
Q

examples of everyday unbalanced forces

A

friction, air resistance, weight

47
Q

newtons first law

A

an object will remain at rest or travel at the same speed, in a straight line unless an unbalanced force acts on the object

48
Q

newtons second law

A

an object will accelerate in the same direction of the unbalanced force acting on it. the magnitude of the acceleration is also porportional to the magnetude of the unbalanced force

49
Q

mass

A

mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. the mass value does not change from place to place

50
Q

weight

A

a force caused by a gravitational force acting on an objects mass

51
Q

gravitational field strength

A

is the weight per unit mass

52
Q

newtons third law

A

if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B will exert an equal, but opposite force on object A

53
Q

if an object is at rest or accelerating in a straight line then it is called …

A

terminal velocity or constant speed

54
Q 
radiation weighting factor:
gamma
beta
alpha
fast neutrons
thermal neutrons
x-ray
A 
1
1
20
10
3
1
55
Q

average annual background radiation

A

2.2 mSv

56
Q

annual effective dose limit for public

A

1mSv

57
Q

annual effective dose limit for radiation worker

A

20mSv

Physics (8 decks)

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