Properties of matter Flashcards
Specific heat capacity
The energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
Heat
Result of the movement of particles in a material. (Classed as a type of kinetic energy)
Temperature
A measure of the mean kinetic energy of its particles
Absolute zero
The lowest temperature possible occurs when particles in the substance are not moving. (0k or -273 degrees)
Conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transdormed form one form to another
What is required when a substance shapes state
Solid ——} liquid
Liquid ——} gas
Requires energy
When a substance changes state from:
Gas —-} liquid
Liquid —-} solid
Does it rquire energy
No
When changing state of solid to liquid, what type of energy is required
Fusion
When changing state from liquid to gas, what type of energy is required
Vapourisation
Pressure
The amount of force per unit area
Latent heat capcity
A measure of the energy required to change the state of a substance
Latent heat of fusion
The energy required to change a unit mass of solid to liquid at a constant temperature
Is pressure directly proportional to temperature
Yes
Boyle’s law
Gas compressed - volume decreased
Particles become closer - hit walls more often - force increases - pressure increases
Gay - Lussac’s law
Average speed gas particles increase ——} increasing temperature
Heat gas - speed increase - collisions occur more often - more force - increasing pressure
Charles’ law
Gas heated - average speed particles increase - collisions more often - more force
Walls container not fixed - container expand - reduce rate collisions - measure constant value
Kinetic model
Gas pressures is caused by thousands of tiny particles hitting off each other and container walls
Boyle’s law experiment
Connect a syringe to a pressure sensors and a computer
Change the volume of the gas by pushing the syringe.
Record the pressure at a range of volumes.
Gay-lussac’s law experiment
Change the temperature of the gas
by submerging in water baths.
Record the pressure at a range of
temperatures.
Charles’ law experiment
Change the temperature of the gas
by submerging in water bath.
Record the temperature and
corresponding volume of gas .
Plot a graph of volume versus
Temperature (note the temperature should be in Kelvin).
How does heat flow
From the hot object to the cold objects
Eg boiling water poured into mug
- Heat from water is transferred to mug
When does the temperature of an object increase
When it gains energy
Thing the cause difference in specific heat capaity
Material
Mass
What is pressure caused by
Particles colliding with the walls of the container
If 50 degrees metal block was played in water of 50 degrees what would happen ?
Nothing as there is no energy trasfer
