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chemistry > S2.2 - covalent model > Flashcards

S2.2 - covalent model Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the octet rule?

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2
Q

What is a covalent bond?

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3
Q

What are the covalent structures?

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4
Q

How do you draw a lewis diagram?

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5
Q

What are the exceptions to the octet rule?

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6
Q

What is an incomplete octet?

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7
Q

What is an expanded octet?

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8
Q

What is bond strength?

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9
Q

What is bond length?

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10
Q

What is the relationship between bond length, amount of bonds and enthalpy?

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11
Q

What is a double bond?

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12
Q

What is a triple bond?

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13
Q

What is a dative bond?

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14
Q

What is an example of a dative bond?

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15
Q

Where does the arrow point?

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16
Q

Why do lewis acid-bases lead to the formation of a co-ordination bond?

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17
Q

How can transition metals act like lewis acids?

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18
Q

What kinds of bonds do multiple bonds form?

A

unequal bonds

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19
Q

What type of bonds do triple bonds contain?

A
  • 1 sigma bond
  • 2 pi bonds
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20
Q

What type of bonds do double bonds contain?

A
  • 1 sigma bond
  • 1 pi bond
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21
Q

Why is a double bond not 2x stronger than a single bond?

A

a double bond is made out of 2 different bonds; it contains 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bond, which is weaker

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22
Q

What does the VSEPR model do?

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23
Q

What is the shape of a molecule determined by?

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24
Q

What is an electron domain?

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25
Q

What are the key points to the VSEPR theory?

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26
Q

What is the order of pairs from least to most repulsion?

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27
Q

How do you work out the shape of a molecule?

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28
Q

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with 2 electron domains?

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29
Q

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with 3 electron domains?

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30
Q

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with 4 electron domains?

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31
Q

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with 4 electron domains; 2 bonding and 2 lone?

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32
Q

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with 4 electron domains; 3 bonding and 1 lone?

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33
Q

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with 3 electron domains; 2 bonding and 1 lone?

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34
Q

How does charge link to repulsion?

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35
Q

What is polarity?

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36
Q

When is a molecule polar or non-polar?

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37
Q

What is the bond continuum?

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38
Q

What are the conditions needed for a molecule to be polar?

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39
Q

What is the melting and boiling point like for polar and non-polar substances?

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40
Q

When do substances dissolve or not dissolve?

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41
Q

What are practical uses?

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42
Q

What is electronegativity?

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43
Q

What are general trends of electronegativity?

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44
Q

What does bond polarity result from?

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45
Q

What is a bond dipole?

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46
Q

What are pure covalent bonds?

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47
Q

What are key features of ionic compounds?

A
48
Q

What are key features of pure covalent compounds?

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49
Q

What are key features of polar covalent compounds?

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50
Q

What is molecular polarity?

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51
Q

What is molecular geometry?

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52
Q

How can a molecule get excited?

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53
Q

When is a molecule IR active?

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54
Q

What is the mode of vibration for diatomic molecules?

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55
Q

What are the modes of vibration for polyatomic molecules?

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56
Q

What is a net dipole?

A
57
Q

What are allotropes?

A
58
Q

What is nanotechnology?

A
59
Q

What are the properties of silicon dioxide?

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60
Q

What are the bond enthalpy comparisons?

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61
Q

What is graphene -hBN?

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62
Q

What is the hybridization of diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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63
Q

How many atoms of carbon are diamond, graphite, graphene and C60 bonded to?

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64
Q

What is the shape of diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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65
Q

What is the bond angle of diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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66
Q

What is the electrical conductivity like for diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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67
Q

What is the thermal conductivity like for diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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68
Q

What is the appearance of diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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69
Q

What are the properties of diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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70
Q

What is the melting point like for diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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71
Q

What are the uses of diamond, graphite, graphene and C60?

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72
Q

What determines the nature of the forces that exist between molecules?

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73
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

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74
Q

What are the 3 types of intermolecular forces?

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75
Q

What are Van Der Waals forces?

A
76
Q

What is an intra-molecular bond?

A
77
Q

What are London dispersion forces?

A
78
Q

How do LDF’s form?

A
79
Q

What is an instantaneous dipole?

A
80
Q

What is an induced dipole?

A
81
Q

What affects the strength of LDF?

A
82
Q

What is a dipole-dipole attraction?

A
83
Q

What affects the strength of dipole-dipole attraction?

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84
Q

What is a dipole-induced-dipole?

A
85
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A
86
Q

What elements are involved in hydrogen bonding?

A
87
Q

What is the relationship between polarity and boiling point?

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88
Q

Why is hydrogen bonding the strongest?

A
89
Q

What forces are overcome when substances boil or melt?

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90
Q

How does size affect LDF?

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91
Q

How does polarity affect LDF?

A
92
Q

How does size affect the melting and boiling points?

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93
Q

Why are covalent substances gases or liquids at room temperature?

A
94
Q

What is volatility?

A
95
Q

What is the trend of volatility for covalent compounds?

A
96
Q

What is solubility?

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97
Q

What is solubility like for a polar/non-polar substance?

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98
Q

How does size affect solubility?

A
99
Q

Why does sand not dissolve in the tide?

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100
Q

What is electrical conductivity like for covalent compounds?

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101
Q

What is the volatility, solubility and electrical conductivity like in an ionic compound?

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102
Q

What is the volatility, solubility and electrical conductivity like in a polar covalent compound?

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103
Q

What is the volatility, solubility and electrical conductivity like in a non-polar covalent compound?

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104
Q

What is the volatility, solubility and electrical conductivity like in a giant covalent compound?

A
105
Q

What is the mobile phase?

A
106
Q

What is the stationary phase?

A
107
Q

What determines solubility of each compound?

A
108
Q

What do small molecules show in a chromatography?

A
109
Q

What do large molecules show in a chromatography?

A
110
Q

How does IMF and chromatography work?

A
111
Q

What is Rf values?

A
112
Q

How can you calculate Rf values?

A
113
Q

What is thin layer chromatography?

A

chemistry (28 decks)

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