S2 Wk 2 - Measurement, Questionnaires and Scales Flashcards
3 types of measures
behavioural
self-report
physiological
behavioural measurement
measures observable behaviours
data can be difficult to obtain
interpretation not always clear
self-report
ppts report their own feelings / behaviours / attitudes towards something
easy to gather
can measure things not observable
relation to behaviour not always clear
riddled with measurement problems
physiological measures
measures physiological changes - associated with psychological processes
does not require self-report
creates data over time
can be expensive to collect
problems with interpretation
what does questionnaire mean
diff name for survey
usually consists of measurements for multiple constructs
what does scale mean
a set of items designed to measure a single psychological construct
what is an item
an individual question
how are latent constructs measured
can be observed indirectly
examples of latent variables
self-esteem, depression or stress
what is classical test theory
item score = true score + error
X = T + E
true score is the score on the latent variable
the true score reflects the latent variable
error is assumed to be random, but has a mean of 0
what is Cronbach’s a
a measure of internal reliability
relates to classical test theory
it describes how well multiple items from the same scale correlate among each other
self report biases
acquiescence bias - tendency to agree with items
consistency bias - desire to be consistent across answers
social desirability bias - desire to present oneself as a good person
