Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy Practise > S2 and S3 Medicines Protocol - Pharmacy Practise Protocols > Flashcards

S2 and S3 Medicines Protocol - Pharmacy Practise Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the differences between an S2 and S3 medication

A

S2 meds:
- within public reach
- stored in front of the dispensary counter (i.e back wall)
- less adverse reactions
- e.g. aspirin 100mg
S3 meds:
- not within public reach
- stored behind the dispensary counter
- significant adverse reactions
- nausetil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What key points do we need to remember when supplying OTC medications

A
  1. Two types of requests: symptom-based and direct product
  2. Gather information by asking specific and required questions –> (e.g. who is it for, any existing medical conditions, pregnant or breastfeeding (if it is a women)
  3. We do want to provide meds that can trigger any existing medical conditions
    4.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the composition of breast milk

A

Rich macronutrients, vitamins and certain minerals.
1.0% protein, 7% lactose, 3.5% fat and 87% water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 3 different types of milk (CTM)

A
  1. Colostrum
  2. Transitional milk
  3. Mature milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the composition of colostrum milk

A
  • Creamy yellow in colour
  • rich in immunological components (e.g. secretory Iga, lactoferrin, protein, leukocytes)
  • low in lactose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the composition of mature milk

A
  • opaque
  • higher conc of lactose and fat; relatively low conc. of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and total protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List some benefits of breastfeeding for the infant

A
  1. enhanced maternal/infant bonding
  2. Protects the infant against chronic diseases/illnesses (e.g. coeliac disease, atopic disease, asthma,GI infections, respiratory illness)
  3. Easily digestible
  4. improved cognitive, speech and jaw development
  5. Simply provided all-rounded nourishment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is milk made in the breast?

A

It is made in the glandular tissue (alveoli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of prolactin?

A

produces more milk in response to sucking and simulation of nipple nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of oxytocin?

A

ejects milk down the ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the solution to Sore/Damaged Nipples?

A
  • Application of lanolin cream as a protective barrier to reduce the pain; application of hydrogel dressings for wound healing
  • Refer to a lactation consultant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the solution to mastitis (inflammation of breast tissue)

A
  • Appy ice and avoid vigorous massages of breast
  • Antibiotic treatment should be given promptly as delay can increase the severity of infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe 3 counselling points of infant formula feeding (not BREASTFEEDING)

A
  1. A feed should be no longer than 1 hour and any formula left after the feed must be discarded; any formula that has been at room temperature for more than 1 hour should be discarded
  2. in the case of being left for less than 1 hour it must be stored in the refrigerator for up 24 hours in a sterile container
  3. A cup can be introduced around 6 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are complementary foods delivered?

A

Around 4 to 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List complementary foods that should be avoided

A
  1. Small hard foods (e.g. nuts) in children under 3 years
  2. No honey to infants less than 12 months as it can cause botulism
  3. junk food (e.g. confectionary, cakes, biscuits, potato chips) should be limited
  4. Low fat or reduced milk are not recommended in the first 2 years
  5. Fruit juice is not recommended for infants under 12 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define parasite

A

an animal or plant that lives on another plant or animal (host)
- depends on the host for nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the characteristics of a threadworm (1) its mode of transmission (2) symptoms (3), alarm symptoms (4) AND lastly non-pharmalogical and pharmacological recommendations (5)

A
  1. Approx. 1 cm in length (small spindle shaped)
  2. Faecal - oral route
    - infectious eggs gets lodged onto the fingernails after the toddler scratches his itchy bottom after playing in dirt, if he doesn’t wash his hands before eating it will transfer to this body
    Retro-infection
    Inhalation
  3. Peri-anal itching especially at night, reduced appetit, disturbed sleep
  4. passing a worm apron 1 cm in length, severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, low energy levels,
  5. Pharmacological:
    - Mebendazole: 100mg single dose repeat in 2 weeks
    - Pyrantel: 10mg/kg single dose; repeat in 2 weeks
    - children less than 10 kg: 50mg single dose, repeat in 2 weeks
    Non-pharmalogical:
    - wash hands with soap and water after going to the bathroom, changing nappies, before preparing and eating food
    - wash bed linens, pyjamas in hot water to kill any eggs
    - every family member should take the medicine even if they are not experiencing symptoms
18
Q

Do threadworms only affect humans

A

YES

19
Q

What’s the mechanism of transmission of head lice?

A

Close head-to-head contact

20
Q

Outline the pharmacological treatment of head lice

A
  1. Benzyl alcohol
  2. Dimethicone
  3. Isopropyl myristate
  4. Malathion
  5. Pyrehtrins
21
Q

Outline the non-pharmacological treatment of head lice

A

Electronic combs
Wash pillowcases as well as combs and brushes in hot water, calamine lotion to treat irritated skin, wet combing

22
Q

What’s the sole function of electronic combs?

A

It only electrocutes lice but not kill or remove eggs

23
Q

What’s the mechanism of transmission of scabies?

A

Close skin to skin contacts between infected individuals.

24
Q

What’s the symptoms of scabies?

A
  • ‘Maddening itch’ that is worse at night
  • burrow/tracks in skin folds (between fingers, armpits, inner parts of the wrist)
  • erythema, papules and modules
25
Q

Medications used to treat scabies? and the preferred treatment

A
  • Permethrin 5% (lyclear
  • Benzyl benzoate 25% emulsion

PERMETHRIN 5% lyclear solution

26
Q

Outline the guidelines for applying scabies solution

A
  1. Apply to dry skin from chin down
  2. Repeat treatment in 7 days
27
Q

It takes about 6 weeks before breast milk supply is well established. Is this a correct statement?

A

YES

28
Q

Treatment options for Breast/Nipple thrush

A
  1. Anti-fungal creams
  2. Paracetomal and Ibuprofen to gradually diminish pain (only at recommended doses)
  3. Oral flucanazole
29
Q

How do round worms and hook worms cause mechanical injury to intestines?

A
  1. They obstruct intestines
  2. damage intestines and lead to blood loss
30
Q

When should the treatment be repeated for threadworms, headlice and scabies

A
  1. TW: repeat after 14 days
  2. Headline: after 7 days
  3. scabies: after 7 days
31
Q

What causes the perianal itching at night (a key symptom for threadworm infestation)

A

SECRETION OF MUCUS

32
Q

What are the practice points of mebendazole in relation to pregnancy, breastfeeding and children?

A
  1. Avoid in first trimester
  2. may use during BF
  3. may use if child is more than 6 months
33
Q

What are the practice points of pyrantel in relation to pregnancy, breastfeeding and children?

A
  1. Pregnancy: safe
  2. Safe
  3. Children: may use
34
Q

Whats the MOA of Mebendazole?

A

Inhibit microtubule polymerisation by binding to beta tubulin in
parasite; blocks glucose uptake – worms starve

35
Q

Whats the MOA of pyrantel?

A

Inhibits cholinesterase. ‘Neuromuscular blockade’  paralysis, worm
detachment and expulsion

36
Q

Head lice is an ectoparasite and so it survives on human host only. Is this is a true statement

A

Yes

37
Q

Outline the aietology of head lice

A
  1. saliva excreted by head lice causes the itch/allergic reaction
38
Q

Where should head lice products be applied specifically?

A

Behind the ears and nape of neck

39
Q

Outline the aetiology of scabies

A

Mite proteins and faeces in burrows trigger host immune response (e.g., IgE, IL4 and Th2) - intense
itching and rash

40
Q

In a scabies event, where do larvae burrow into?

A

Stratum corneum

41
Q
A

Pharmacy Practise (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions