Dermatology

Question 1

Whats the third layer of the skin, and what does it contian?

Answer 1

Subcutaneous
- arteries and veins
- adipocytes
- collagen fibres

Question 2

Whats the second layer of the skin called and what are its main components?

Answer 2

Dermis
- sebacous glands, nerve endings, muscle fibres, hair follicles, blood vessels, lymph vessels

Question 3

Outline the function of the epidermis

Answer 3

1. Prevents water loss
2. Melanocytes protect skin against UV radiation
   3.

Question 4

List the characteristics of skin under normal conditions

Answer 4

• pH: 4.5 to 5.75
• good balance of oil and moisture

Question 5

What is seborrhea?
Treatment options

Answer 5

• An oily skin condition where over-active sebaceous glands causes excess production of sebum and inflammation = acne
• mainly affects face, upper back and chest
• Treatment: wash twice daily with mild soap or soapless cleanser (that is pH balanced)

Question 6

What is the role of a moisturiser?

Answer 6

Protects and improves the skin barrier from bacteria and allergens

Question 7

Benefits of lotions

Answer 7

• They are thinner and flowing in consistency which helps to cover large areas quickly with ease
• they are great to cover in sebum producing areas as they are less likely to clog the follicles

Question 8

Ointments are fantastically occlusive and hold moisture in the skin. Correct?

Answer 8

YES

Question 9

Fragrances can be allergernic and possibly drying so it is best to avoid them. Correct

Answer 9

YES

Question 10

How do bath oils work?

Answer 10

Leaves a film of oil –> nicely traps the moisture –> the skin becomes soft and hydrated

Question 11

Outline the characteristics of mild acne

Answer 11

1. An inflammatory condition
2. Excess sebum prod. –> blocks and inflames the hair follicle and sebaceous glands
3. Shows up as papules, comedones and pustules

Question 12

What is mild dermatitis and outline the treatment options?

Answer 12

• Itchy inflammation of the skin
  1. Thick moisturiser applied at least twice a week, intermittent corticosteroids
  2.

Question 13

How does UV radiation change the physiology of the skin

Answer 13

• changes in distribution, amount and structure of collagen –> signs of aging such as fine lines, wrinkles
• loss of elasticity and dryness

Question 14

Benefits of sunscreens

Answer 14

• reduces the risk of skin cancers in later life
• reduces aging

Question 15

When to apply sunscreen?

Answer 15

Apply before sun exposure snd repeat every 2 hours

Question 16

Outline the procedure to treat bee stings

Answer 16

1. The first thing i want you to do is to remove the sting and wash the area with soap and water
2. Pop a cold pack on as soon as you have done that and what this will do is reduce the swelling and inflammation
3. I can give you some treatment if someone can come in and get it/if you have got some panadol that can work but even better is a topical analgesic so something that is going to numb and make the area more comfortable
   - i particularly like a local anaethestic 3% gel which is quite strong
4. If the area is quite enlarged and red then this is a sign of an allergic reaction. If thats the case, we can recommend you an anti-histamine
5. Another important thing I want to know is that if you are experiencing any anaphylaxis symptoms - any wheezing or breathing difficulties, how about facial swelling, any pain in the abdomen and lastly and vomiting events