S1_L3: Trauma & Review of Bones Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE: Trauma is the most common disorder of the musculoskeletal system evaluated by radiology.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Fracture and dislocation are the most frequently encountered conditions, especially in the ER.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Bone consists of osteoblasts embedded in an extracellular matrix made of inorganic minerals and organic collagen.
False, bone consists of osteocytes embedded in an extracellular matrix made of inorganic minerals and organic collagen.
- Resorbs bone that is not needed
- Immature bone cell; migrates to a particular area where it is needed
- Mature bone cell
A. osteocyte
B. osteoblast
C. osteoclast
- C
- B
- A
TRUE OR FALSE: The osteoblasts eventually become the osteocytes in bones.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Oblique views at 90 degrees may suffice when perfect positioning is not possible.
True, this is to maintain the perpendicular relationship of the X-ray beam to the anatomy to the image receptor.
Note: Oblique views are applied when the injury is quite painful and movement exacerbates the severity of trauma.
Modified TF
A. CT scan is the initial diagnostic imaging of choice in trauma cases.
B. Conventional radiography is used to visualize areas of complex anatomy.
FF
A. Conventional radiography
B. CT scan
Modified TF
A. MRI may be used in traumatic cases.
B. MRI is used for the assessment of soft tissue injury.
FT
MRI is NOT applicable in life and death situations as patients may have metallic debris or implants in the body. Note: Magnets and metals do NOT mix together.
Modified TF: Trauma Radiology
A. Primary Trauma Survey is the initial imaging performed at the ER.
B. Secondary Trauma Survey is the follow-up imaging or further imaging investigation done when the patient is clinically stable.
TT
- To assess for hemothorax, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion
- Assess gross instability, fractures, dislocations of the cervical spine
A. Cross-table lateral of the cervical spine
B. Anteroposterior (AP) chest
C. AP Pelvis
- B
- A
It can assess for pleural effusion in the lung, shifting of the lung/heart d/t increased air/fluid on one side.
A. Cross-table lateral of the cervical spine
B. Anteroposterior (AP) chest
C. AP Pelvis
B. Anteroposterior (AP) chest
Example: No aeration in the R lung, so the R lung is filled with fluid (whitish).
Case: 39 y/o female presents with disruption of the symphysis pubis (diastasis). Which imaging in the primary trauma survey would you use?
A. Cross-table lateral of the cervical spine
B. Anteroposterior (AP) chest
C. AP Pelvis
C. AP Pelvis
Note: Injures in the pelvic area may cause intense bleeding (due to the retroperitoneal space).
- For further assessment of the cranio-vertebral and cervico-thoracic area
- Additional test when you see a depression in the skull x-ray
A. Cervical CT scan
B. Cranial CT scan
C. Lateral thoracolumbar spine x-ray
- A
- B (The depression is typically seen in GCS 12-14, unconscious or lethargic patients after MVA)
- Applicable for a case of pain on mid-back area after traumatic incident reported
- Applicable for anterior cervical displacements with a fracture present
A. Cervical CT scan
B. Cranial CT scan
C. Lateral thoracolumbar spine x-ray
- C
- A
Used to assess intracranial bleeding that creates a dentiform structure on the wall, but the cranial wall is intact.
A. Cervical CT scan
B. Cranial CT scan
C. Lateral thoracolumbar spine x-ray
B. Cranial CT scan
Case: 17 y/o female c/o seeing blood in her urine. You suspect abdominal and pelvic organ injuries. Which test should be done?
A. Focused abdominal ultrasound / sonography for trauma (FAST)
B. Extremity x-ray
C. Chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT scan with/out contrast
C. Chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT scan with/out contrast
It identifies free fluid in the peritoneal cavity which may be due to intraperitoneal bleeding or a ruptured spleen or liver
A. Focused abdominal ultrasound / sonography for trauma (FAST)
B. Extremity x-ray
C. Chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT scan with/out contrast
A. Focused abdominal ultrasound / sonography for trauma (FAST)
Note: It is also used when the pt complains of abdominal pain and has abdominal trauma and abdominal muscle guarding
Case: 29 y/o patient presents with flail extremities during movement and complains of extreme pain. Which test should be done?
A. Focused abdominal ultrasound / sonography for trauma (FAST)
B. Extremity x-ray
C. Chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT scan with/out contrast
B. Extremity x-ray
Two x-rays that are perpendicular to each other (90deg) are referred to as ____
orthogonal views
TRUE OR FALSE: Radiographic positioning for trauma includes the joints above and below to assess for associated fractures, subluxations or dislocations.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The factors affecting the load capacity of bone are the physiological health of bone, geometric configuration, and type and rate of loading.
True
Modified TF
A. Cortical bone is porous, loosely arranged bone.
B. Cancellous bone is compact, hard bone.
FF
A: Cancellous
B: Cortical
Modified TF
A. Bone is a visco-elastic material.
B. Bone does not deform when physically loaded.
TF
B: Bone deforms when physically loaded and returns to original shape when the load is removed.
TRUE OR FALSE: Bone is rigid enough to resist deformity, yet flexible enough to be subjected in enough stress to return to original shape.
True
Modified TF
A. Minerals provide rigidity and strength to the bone.
B. Collagen provides flexibility and resistance to the bone.
TT
Modified TF
A. Minerals are the organic components of bone.
B. Collagen is the inorganic component of bone (i.e., calcium, phosphorus).
FF
A: Collagen
B: Mineral
