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(3) Musculoskeletal Imaging > S1_L2: Magnetic Resonance Imaging > Flashcards

S1_L2: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The MRI can stage neoplasms in bone and soft tissues as well as the extent of the damage or soft tissue invasion.

A

True

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A distinct advantage of MRI is its cost-effectiveness.

A

False

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: T1 weighted imaging is characterized by long TE and TR times.

A

False

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In T1 weighted imaging, water has a higher signal intensity.

A

False

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: An advantage of MRI over CT scan is its greater contrast resolution for soft tissues.

A

True

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cortical bone is seen with a high signal intensity in T2 and low signal intensity in T1.

A

False

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7
Q

Stress fractures may display as bone bruises. In T1 weighted imaging, stress fractures have a low signal intensity and high signal intensities in T2.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

C. Both statements are true

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8
Q

In viewing an MRI image, axial images are viewed from the front (facing the patient). Conversely, coronal images are viewed from below.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

D. Both statements are false

Types of images were interchanged.

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9
Q

An advantage of the CT scan over the MRI is it has a greater ability to image organs surrounded by dense bones structures. The CT scan also has reduced loss of image quality owing to motion than the MRI.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

B. Only the 2nd statement is true

First statement: It’s the MRI, not the CT scan

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10
Q

T1 weighted imaging is more sensitive to ___.

A

fat

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11
Q
  1. Brighter images for structures with higher water content
  2. Short TE and TR times
  3. Measures energy later

A. T1 weighted imaging
B. T2 weighted imaging

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
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12
Q
  1. Low signal intensity for water
  2. Selectively images structures that to not readily give up energy

A. T1 weighted imaging
B. T2 weighted imaging

A
  1. A
  2. B
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13
Q
  1. Low signal intensity for fat
  2. Measures energy early

A. T1 weighted imaging
B. T2 weighted imaging

A
  1. B
  2. A
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14
Q
  1. Provides images of good an tonic detail, displaying tissues in a fairly balanced manner
  2. High signal intensity for water
  3. Long TE and TR times

A. T1 weighted imaging
B. T2 weighted imaging

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
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15
Q

Non-invasive imaging technology that produces three dimensional detailed anatomical images

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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16
Q
  1. Ability to examine joints in WB conditions to be able to detect protrusions, herniations and spinal stenosis
  2. Reduction of scanning noise
  3. Longer scanning times

A. Open scanner
B. Upright scanner
C. Both

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
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17
Q
  1. Possible image degradation
  2. Greater ability to scan claustrophobic/obese patients
  3. Lower signal to noise ratio

A. Open scanner
B. Upright scanner
C. Both

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
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18
Q
  1. Lower field strength, requiring adjustment of imaging sequences
  2. Placement of the patient in a painful position which may increase movement which will lead to decreased image quality

A. Open scanner
B. Upright scanner
C. Both

A
  1. A
  2. B
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19
Q

It has the ability to examine patients too big to fit into the bore of the magnet or must be scanned in the upright position for patients with medical conditions such as heart failure or seer thoracic kyphosis.

A. Open scanner
B. Upright scanner
C. Both

A

B. Upright scanner

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20
Q

One of its advantages is the possibility for performing tests or procedures during scanning. The patient is also not fully surrounded by a magnet.

A. Open scanner
B. Upright scanner
C. Both

A

A. Open scanner

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21
Q

___ gradient coils, one for each orthogonal plane are located within the core of the MRI unit.

A

Three

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22
Q

Element of an MRI scanner
A. Magnet
B. Gradient coils
C. RF coils
D. Workstation
E. Computers

Directs the scanning process, converts data from the RF coils and reconstructs the images.

A

E. Computers

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23
Q

Element of an MRI scanner
A. Magnet
B. Gradient coils
C. RF coils
D. Workstation
E. Computers

Where the imaging protocols are selected by the MRI technologist or radiologist prior to imaging.

A

D. Workstation

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24
Q

Element of an MRI scanner
A. Magnet
B. Gradient coils
C. RF coils
D. Workstation
E. Computers

Produce sequential variations in the magnetic field that are used for providing spatial information

A

B. Gradient coils

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25
Q

Element of an MRI scanner
A. Magnet
B. Gradient coils
C. RF coils
D. Workstation
E. Computers

It rests within a gantry large enough for the human body and within the necessary receiver coils.

A

A. Magnet

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26
Q

Element of an MRI scanner
A. Magnet
B. Gradient coils
C. RF coils
D. Workstation
E. Computers

It has a field strength of around 0.3 – 3 Tesla.

A

A. Magnet

Note: 1 Tesla = 20,000 times the Earth’s magnetic field.

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27
Q

MRI is a cross-sectional imaging technology that uses a magnetic field and radiofrequency signals to cause ___ nuclei to emit their own signals which are then converted to images by a computer.

A

hydrogen

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The energy emitted from the hydrogen nuclei varies according to the tissues from which the signal emanates; thus allowing the MRI to distinguish between different types of tissues.

A

True

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29
Q

Duration of an MRI procedure

A

45 mins - 1 hr

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30
Q

It encircles the patient for the reception of larger areas such as the hip, spine, and pelvis. It may be too large for the resolution of smaller joints.

A

Body coil

31
Q

Element of an MRI scanner
A. Magnet
B. Gradient coils
C. RF coils
D. Workstation
E. Computers

It sends and receives radiofrequency, which in turn uses it to create pictures of the body.

A

C. RF coils

32
Q

Element of an MRI scanner
A. Magnet
B. Gradient coils
C. RF coils
D. Workstation
E. Computers

It is used for the transmission of RF pulses that alter the alignment of the protons. It also receives the signals emitted from the protons.

A

C. RF coils

33
Q
  1. Bright CSF
  2. Bright white matter

A. T2 MRI
B. T1 MRI
C. CT Scan
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C

A
  1. A
  2. B
34
Q
  1. Dark bones
  2. Bright subcutaneous fat

A. T2 MRI
B. T1 MRI
C. CT Scan
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C

A
  1. D
  2. B
35
Q
  1. Bright gray matter
  2. Dark subcutaneous fat

A. T2 MRI
B. T1 MRI
C. CT Scan
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C

A
  1. E
  2. E
36
Q
  1. Dark gray matter
  2. Bright bones

A. T2 MRI
B. T1 MRI
C. CT Scan
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C

A
  1. B
  2. C
37
Q
  1. White matter is less brighter than gray matter
  2. Dark white matter

A. T2 MRI
B. T1 MRI
C. CT Scan
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C

A
  1. C
  2. A
38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: White matter has a higher signal intensity than gray matter because the nerve cell bodies are found in the white matter.

A

False, gray matter has a higher signal intensity because the nerve cell bodies are found in the gray matter.

39
Q

The parameter for time at which the RF pulse is repeated to again displace the atoms.

A

TR (Time to Repetition)

40
Q

The parameter for the time at which the signal is captured.

A

TE (Time to Echo)

41
Q

Red bone marrow has a high signal intensity on T1. Yellow bone marrow has an intermediate intensity on T1.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

D. Both statements are false

Colors were interchanged

42
Q

Tendons, ligaments, and menisci have high signal intensities for both T1 and T2. Cartilage has intermediate signal intensity for both T1 and T2.
A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

B. Only the 2nd statement is true

43
Q

It displays the changes in blood flow through the paramagnetic properties of hemoglobin (Hgb) or use of contrasts.

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: MRI is based on sophisticated technology that excites and detects the change in the direction of the longitudinal axis of protons found in the water that makes up living issues.

A

False, its rotational axis

45
Q

It demonstrates ischemia immediately following its occurrence, so it is used in staging of stroke crucial in deciding treatment.

A

Functional MRI

46
Q
  1. Free water (T1)
  2. Fat (T2)
  3. Muscles (T1 & T2)

A. low signal intensity
B. intermediate signal intensity
C. high signal intensity
D. variable signal intensity

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B (slightly lower on T2)
47
Q
  1. Cortical bone (T1 & T2)
  2. Free water (T2)
  3. Fat (T1)

A. low signal intensity
B. intermediate signal intensity
C. high signal intensity
D. variable signal intensity

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. C
48
Q
  1. Soft tissue calcifications (T1 & T2)
  2. Acute hemorrhage (T1)
  3. Chronic hemorrhage (T2)

A. low signal intensity
B. intermediate signal intensity
C. high signal intensity
D. variable signal intensity

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. C
49
Q
  1. Chronic hemorrhage (T1)
  2. Soft tissue tumors (T2)
  3. Bone marrow edema on acute fractures (T1)

A. low signal intensity
B. intermediate signal intensity
C. high signal intensity
D. variable signal intensity

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. A
50
Q
  1. Inflammation & other pathology that increases free water content (T1)
  2. Bone marrow edema on acute fractures (T2)

A. low signal intensity
B. intermediate signal intensity
C. high signal intensity
D. variable signal intensity

A
  1. A
  2. C
51
Q

Soft tissue tumors have little to no free water. Soft tissue calcifications have high free water content.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

D. Both statements are false, tumor and calcification were interchanged.

51
Q

Muscle atrophy is associated
with infiltration of fat and fluid and has increased signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images. Acute fractures are shown as straight or serpingious (worm-like) lines of high signal intensities on both T1 and T2.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

A. Only the 1st statement is true, acute fractures have low signal intensities

52
Q

One of the limitations of MRI is the imaging of cortical bone due to its low signal intensity. Other limitations are the duration of time needed to produce an image and the high cost for imaging.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

C. Both statements are true

53
Q

One of the contraindications/health concerns of MRI use is the ferromagnetic surgical clips can be displaced, which can cause fatal hemorrhages. On the other hand, claustrophobia is not a health concern for MRI.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

A. Only the 1st statement is true

54
Q

Orthopedic hardware can cause image distortion in the MRI. Another concern is the possibility of malfunctioning of a pacemaker within or near the magnetic field.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

C. Both statements are true

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When performing the MRI procedure, children and patients who are not able to stay still need to be sedated.

A

True

56
Q

The MRI has no ionizing radiation. However, it has greater risk of missing disease processes, since processes missed by one sequence will not be picked up by using another sequence.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

A. Only the 1st statement is true, it has less risk of missing disease processes, as those processes missed by one sequence will be picked up by using another sequence.

57
Q

The MRI has greater availability and faster imaging times than the CT scan. The CT scan produces thinner slices than the MRI, and imaging of individuals with metal implants is easier on the CT.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

B. Only the 2nd statement is true

58
Q

On the MRI, bone tumors have various intensities, depends on whether the tumor is osteolytic or osteogenic. Chronic fractures have lines that are typically surrounded by bone marrow edema.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

A. Only the 1st statement is true

It’s acute fx, not chronic

59
Q

Subacute hemorrhages have moderate to high intensities on both T1 and T2 weighted images. On T2 weighted imaging, acute hemorrhages have moderate to high signal intensity.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

A. Only the 1st statement is true

Acute hemorrhage on T2: low to moderate signal intensity

60
Q

On both T1 & T2, proliferated synovium associated with rheumatoid arthritis has intermediate to high density. Soft tissue tumors have low signal intensities on T1 weighted imaging.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

C. Both statements are true

61
Q

Enumerate the two parameters that are most important for creating contrast in the MRI image

A
  1. TR (Time to Repetition)
  2. TE (Time to Echo)
62
Q

In T2 weighted imaging, bursa appears to be color ___ because it is a fluid-filled sac.

A

White

63
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In T2 weighted imaging, bones look darker because bones have fat content.

A

True

64
Q

Element of an MRI scanner that directs the scanning process and converts the data that is received by the radiofrequency coils and reconstructs it.

A

Computer

65
Q

The MRI detects changes in fluid content, ischemia, edema and hemorrhage more accurately than the CT scan. For this reason, MRI is recommended for traumatic cases.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

A. Only the 1st statement is true

It is not recommended for traumatic cases because it will rip off part of the brain tissue when metals are present.

66
Q

MRI is often used for disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment and monitoring. The sound of the MRI machine is loud, so patients are given noise-canceling headphones.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

C. Both statements are true

67
Q

When short TE is employed, tissues that are slow to recover their longitudinal magnetization, such as tissues with high water content, render high signal intensities. Since the signal is caught early, tissues that rapidly recover their longitudinal magnetization, such as fat, render high signal intensities.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

B. Only the 2nd statement is true

With short TE: Tissues that are slow to recover their longitudinal magnetization, such as tissues with high water content, render low signal intensities.

68
Q

T1 & T2 phenomena are different processes related to the return of protons to alignment with the magnetic field. In MRI, the contrast between tissues in the images is created based on differences in T1 and T2 and proton density, or number of oxygen nuclei in the different tissues.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

A. Only the 1st statement is true

It should be the number of hydrogen nuclei in the different tissues.

69
Q

MRI has replaced arthroscopy for the detection of cruciate ligament tears. MRI can be used to detect changes and variations in bone marrow for the diagnosis of bone tumors, stress fractures, and avascular necrosis.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

B. Only the 2nd statement is true

It should be meniscal tears, not cruciate ligament tears.

70
Q

MRI can stage soft tissue detail, especially for sports injuries involving the tendons, ligaments, menisci, etc. Disc herniation and nerve root impingement can also be seen in the MRI.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

C. Both statements are true

71
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: T2 images are measured late in the process so tissues that have high water content renders high signal intensity.

A

True

72
Q

Following the RF pulse, these 2 phenomena occur: The protons lose longitudinal magnetization and do not realign with the magnetic field. The protons gain their transverse magnetization.

A. Only the 1st statement is true
B. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A

D. Both statements are false

Protons gain longitudinal magnetization or realign with the magnetic field; protons lose transverse magnetization.

73
Q

Refers to imaging protocols of events during image acquisition.

A

Sequence

(3) Musculoskeletal Imaging (25 decks)

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