S14J22 - Lesions Flashcards
contagious skin infection mainly affecting infants and young children; erythematous sores, honey color crusts, pruritus and painless fluid filled blisters
impetigo
clinical manifestations of impetigo
impetigo contagiosa, bullous, ecthyma
Treatment of impetigo
good hygiene, topical ABX (bactroban and altabax) and oral ABX
diffuse spreading infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue characterized by erythema, induration and pain. As erythema expands, patient becomes more ill with fever, chills, and malaise. Possible central ulceration, papule, or abscess
Cellulitis
Most common etiology of cellulitis
streptococcus and S. aureas
What changes of the skin are seen in adolescence? AAS
changing levels of Androgen(1) stimulates - increased terminal hairs on the face, axillary hair, increased truncal and body hair; Apocrine (2) glands enlarge & become active (axillary sweating and body odor); Sebaceous(3) glands increase sebum production causing oily skin and acne
What changes in the skin are seen in the elderly?
Decreased skin turgor, decreased vascularity of dermis, skin thins and becomes fragile, furrowing and thickening of skin; nails lose luster & yellow; hair loses pigmentation and thins
What skin changes are seen in pregnancy?
spider nevi, palmer erythema, increased pigmentation; increased hair growth; striae; nevi enlargement; increase in infectious skin conditions
What is a primary skin lesion? Name the 11 primary skin lesions.
lesions which occur as the initial spontaneous manifestation of an underlying pathologic process.
Macule, Patch; papule, plaque; nodule, tumor; vesicle, bulla; pustule, cyst; wheal
What is a secondary skin lesion? Name the 10 secondary lesions.
lesion that result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesion
scale; crust; lichenification; scar; keloid; excoriation; fissure; erosion; ulcer; atrophy
What are the different types of vascular skin lesions?
Ecchymoses, petechiae; purpura; capillary hemangioma; telangiectasia; venous star; spider angioma
primary skin lesion that is flat; non-papulable; circumscribed; less than 1 cm in diameter; brown, red, purple, white or tan in color
macule (e.g. freckles, flat moles)
primary skin lesion that is flat, non-palable; irregular in shape; macule that is greater than 1 cm in diameter
patch (e.g. vitiligo)
primary skin lesion that is elevated; flat-topped; firm; rough; superficial papule greater than 1 cm in diameter; may be coalesced papules
plaque (e.g. psoriasis)
elevated; palpable; firm; circumscribed; less than 1 cm in diameter; brown, red, pink, tan, or bluish red in color
papule (e.g. warts)
primary skin lesion that is characterized by elevated, irregular - shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid transient, changing, variable in diameter; pale pink with lighter center
wheal (e.g. uticaria)
vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter
Bulla
primary lesion filled with serous fluid that is less than 1 cm in diameter
vesicle
primary lesion that is encapsulated and filled with liquid or semisolid material
cyst
secondary skin lesion that has heaped-up keratinized cells; flaky exfoliation; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; varied size; silver; white or tan in color
scale
secondary skin lesion characterized by dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate; slightly elevated
crust
secondary skin lesion that is rough, thickened epidermis; accentuated skin markings caused by rubbing or irritation
lichenification
secondary skin lesion that refers to loss of epidermis; linear or hollowed out crusted area; can get from picking
excoriation (e.g. abrasion)
linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis; small, deep, red
fissure
loss of all or part of the epidermis; depressed; moist; glistening; larger than fissure
erosion (e.g. pemphigus vulgaris)
loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; exudative
ulcer
thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper like
atropy (striae)
organisms that cause impetigo
staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes
toxin mediated epidermolytic disease characterized by erythema and widespread detachment of the superficial layers of the epidermis resembling scaling; complication of impetigo that is seen manly in newborns and infants
Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome
treatment of cellulitis
supportive therapy, wound dressings; ABX; surgical intervention
what are the complications of cellulitis?
sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis, and Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
What are the specific etiologic entities of cellulitis?
S. Aureus (usually a focal infection with a portal of entry- MC in injection drug users); Group A strep; pneumococcus; erysipeloid; pasteurella multocida (cat bite)
lesion that has a sharply defined irregular raised border at site of inoculation that enlarges peripherally with central fading; occurs in game, poultry, and fish handlers
erysipeloid
Superficial cellulitis caused by beta hemolytic strep. What are the signs and symptoms of this condition?
constitutional symptoms; erythematous, sharply demarcated, glistening, smooth, hot painful plaque
treatment of tinea capitus
shampoo scalp daily; oral antifungals (griseofulvin or terbinafine)
what are the two types of manifestations of tinea capitis?
non-inflammatory type (black dot = irregular patches of partial hair loss with broken-of hairs present & gray-patch = well marginated areas of hair loss, scaling, numerous broken off hairs); inflammatory type - mild to intense erythema (kerion may develop in severe cases)
splitting of the nail into its component layers
lamellar nail dystrophy
what does lamellar nail dystrophy result from?
occur secondary to repeated wetting and drying of nails following frequent immersion in water.
