S1 Topic 3 - Aggression

Question 1

Define aggression
What is this definition include (1) and not include (2)

Answer 1

any form of behaviour intended to harm another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment

Does not include: accidents and aggression towards non living things

Includes: verbal aggression, not just physical

Question 2

What are social and biological explanations for aggression? (2)

Answer 2

Bio: aggression is an innate, instinctual disposition in man

Social: aggression is learned, not regulated by internal drives

Question 3

Name the 3 contributors that result in aggression

Answer 3

Biology (genes and hormones)
Environment (noise and heat)
Psychological (reinforcement and modelling)

Question 4

Explain the frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 4

aggression is a result of frustration - any stimulus that prevents an individual attaining some goal and its reinforcing quality

Question 5

What is deindividuation?

Answer 5

impulsive, deviant, and sometimes violent acts in situations in which one believes they won’t be identified (e.g., on the internet/in a crowd)

Question 6

What are characteristics of disinhibition? (4)

Answer 6

lack of restraint
disregard of social conventions
impulsivity
poor risk assessment

Question 7

Name 6 factors leading to online disinhibition (DIASDM)

Answer 7

1. dissociative anonymity - i am not the person who writes these things
2. invisibility
3. asynchronicity - freedom of speech
4. solipsistic introjection - false traits and intentions
5. dissociative imagination - online persona different from real personality
6. minimization of authority

Question 8

What is the social learning theory’s approach on aggression? (2)

Answer 8

we learn aggression by observing others and imitating them

even children who aren’t inclined towards aggression will become more aggressive if exposed to continuous violence over a long period

Question 9

What was the conclusion of Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment

Answer 9

children who watched a person acting aggressively were more likely to act aggressively toward the bobo doll

Question 10

Explain the indirect effect model of the development of aggressive behaviour against women (4)

Answer 10

there are indirect effects that show connection between pornography and sexual aggression

these include:
- victim blaming
- reduce negative reactions to aggression
- reinforces the myth that victims derive pleasure from SA