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KA S1 BGE Science > S1 Renewable Energy > Flashcards

S1 Renewable Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the ability to do ‘work.

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2
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (J)

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3
Q

What are the 8 forms that energy can take?

A

Heat
Atomic
Chemical
Kinetic
Electical
Light
Potential (gravitaitonal and elastic)
Sound

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4
Q

This form of energy is the energy of particles moving inside of objects.
We can sense it as something being hot or cold.

What is the form of energy?

A

Heat energy

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5
Q

This form of energy is energy stored inside of particles, and is released during nuclear reactions.

What is the form of energy?

A

Atomic energy

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6
Q

This form of energy is the energy stored inside of food and fuels.

What is the form of energy?

A

Chemical energy

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7
Q

All objects which move have this form of energy.

What is the form of energy?

A

Kinetic energy

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8
Q

This form of energy comes from the movement of electrons.

What is the form of energy?

A

Electrical energy

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9
Q

We detect this form of energy with our eyes.

What is the form of energy?

A

Light energy

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10
Q

Any object stored at a height above the ground has this form of energy.

What is the form of energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy

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11
Q

All objects which have been stretched from their original position have this type of energy.

What is the form of energy?

A

Elastic potential energy

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12
Q

This type of energy is produced when objects vibrate.

What is the form of energy?

A

Sound energy

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13
Q

Which form of energy is given out by a light bulb?

A

Light energy

(And maybe some heat energy too - but light is the USEFUL energy out)

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14
Q

Which form of energy does an oven give to the food you put in it?

A

Heat energy

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15
Q

Which form of energy does a battery contain?

A

Chemical energy

(It gives out electrical energy!)

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16
Q

What is the energy change that takes place in an elastic band when it goes from being stretched to flying through the air when released?

A

Elastic potential energy -> Kinetic energy

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17
Q

What is the energy change that takes place in a kettle?

A

Electrical energy –> heat energy

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18
Q

How is a SOURCE of energy different to a FORM of energy.

A

Energy sources are actual devices which convert some type of energy into electrical energy for us to use.

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19
Q

What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources?

A

Non-renewable sources will one day run out - they are finite.

Renewable sources will never run out - they replenish themselves at the same rate as we use them up.

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20
Q

State 4 non-renewable sources of energy.

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nucelar

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21
Q

What are the 3 fossil fuels?

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas

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22
Q

What does the word ‘finite’ mean?

A

Finite means that it will eventually run out because there are limited supplies of it.

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23
Q

How do we make electricity from fossil fuels?

A
  • Fuel is burned in a furnace.
  • Water boils and changes into steam.
  • The steam turns a turbine.
  • The turbine turns a generator which makes electricity.
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24
Q

What is the energy change that takes place when fuel is burned in the furnace?

A

Chemical energy –> heat energy

25
Q

What is the energy change when water boils to make steam?

A

Heat energy –> kinetic energy

26
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The greenhouse effect occurs when gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat.

This makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere.

26
Q

What is the energy change that takes place when the turbine turns a generator to make electricity?

A

Kinetic energy –> electrical energy

27
Q

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

A

This is when
the extra greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap too much of the Sun’s energy.

This causes a warming effect, which some people call global warming.

28
Q

State 5 greenhouse gases.

A
  • water vapour
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrous oxide
  • methane
  • ozone
29
Q

What is global warming?

A

It is the rising of the average temperature on Earth.

30
Q

What damage can global warming cause?

A
  • Ice caps to melt
  • Sea levels to rise
  • More wild fires
  • More extreme weather events
  • Loss of habitats and reduced biodiversity
31
Q

What are the 7 renewable sources of energy?

A
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Hydroelectric
  • Wave
  • Tidal
  • Geothermal
  • Biofuels
32
Q

What is the energy change in a solar panel?

A

Light energy –> electrical energy

33
Q

What is the energy change in a wind turbine?

A

Kinetic energy –> electrical energy

34
Q

What is the energy change in wave and tidal devices?

A

Kinetic energy –> electrical energy

35
Q

What is the energy change in a hydroelectric power station?

A

Tricky!
Gravitational potential energy –> kinetic energy –> electrical energy

36
Q

What is the energy change in a geothermal station?

A

Tricky!

Heat energy –> kinetic energy –> electrical energy

37
Q

State 3 common biofuels.

A

Biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas.

38
Q

What does ‘carbon neutral’ mean?

A

The source captures almost the same amount of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis while growing as is released when it is burned.

39
Q

What are some low-carbon energy sources?

A
  • Nuclear
  • Biomass
  • Any other renewable source!
40
Q

What is an advantage of fossil fuels?

A

Electricity from fossil fuels is affordable.

They quickly generate electricity to respond to demand.

41
Q

What is a disadvantage of fossil fuels?

A

Produces carbon dioxide which contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect.

They are a finite resource, so they will eventually run out.

42
Q

What is an advantage of nuclear power?

A

Nuclear fuel is very energy dense so we only need a small amount of it.

It does not release any carbon dioxide as no fuel is burned.

43
Q

What is a disadvantage of nuclear power?

A

Produces radioactive waste which is challenging to store.

Nuclear power plant disasters can be catastrophic and cause cancers.

44
Q

What is an advantage of solar?

A

The sun is a free resource.

No carbon dioxide is produced as no fuel is burned.

It can be used in remote locations.

45
Q

What is a disadvantage of solar?

A

It’s not always sunny, so they can’t produce electricity 24/7.

They are expensive to install, so the electricity from this source is expensive.

46
Q

What is an advantage of wind power?

A

The wind is a free resource.

No carbon dioxide is produced as no fuel is burned.

It can be used in remote locations.

47
Q

What is a disadvantage of wind power?

A

It’s not always windy, so they can’t produce electricity 24/7.

Wind turbines require regular maintenance.

48
Q

What is an advantage of hydroelectric power?

A

No carbon dioxide is produced as no fuel is burned.

Water is a free resource.

49
Q

What is a disadvantage of hydroelectric power?

A

Very expensive to build.

Requires large areas of land.

Flooding damages habitats and wildlife in the area.

50
Q

What is an advantage of wave power?

A

No carbon dioxide is produced as no fuel is burned.

Water is a free resource.

51
Q

What is a disadvantage of wave power?

A

The sea is calm in the absence of wind.

NIMBY – it spoils the landscape around it.

Small amounts of electricity are produced.

52
Q

What is an advantage of tidal power?

A

No carbon dioxide is produced as no fuel is burned.

Water is a free resource.

Tides happen twice a day.

53
Q

What is a disadvantage of tidal power?

A

It can damage habitats and the wildlife in the area.

The times of day it produces electricity might not correspond to demand for it.

54
Q

What is an advantage of geothermal power?

A

Heat from the Earth’s crust is a free resource.

It is cheap to run.

It can be scaled down to individual houses.

55
Q

What is a disadvantage of geothermal power?

A

Digging boreholes can be expensive.

It is only suitable in certain geographical regions.

56
Q

What is an advantage of biofuels?

A

Waste products from agriculture are cheap to buy.

It is carbon neutral.

Quickly generates electricity to respond to demand.

57
Q

What is a disdvantage of biofuels?

A

Carbon dioxide is still produced when it is burned.

Growing crops for fuel means land cannot be used to grow crops for food.

KA S1 BGE Science (7 decks)

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