S1 Purpose Of The Gut

Question 1

Summarise the purpose of the gut?

Answer 1

Provide a port of entry for food
To disrupt food
To temporarily store food
To chemically digest food
Kill pathogens
Absorb nutrients

Question 2

In digestion, what occurs at the mouth and oesophagus?

Answer 2

Mastication
Saliva protects mouth and lubricates food
Formation of bolus

Question 3

In digestion, what occurs at the stomach?

Answer 3

Storage 
Initial disruption - peristaltic contractions mix food, acid and proteolytic enzymes break down bolus forming chyme 
Infection control (HCL)

Question 4

In digestion, what occurs in the duodenum?

Answer 4

Dilution and neutralisation of chyme, by bile and pancreas enzymes

Question 5

In digestion, what occurs in the small intestine?

Answer 5

Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and most of the water

Question 6

In digestion, what occurs in the large intestine?

Answer 6

Final absorption of water

Faeces form in sigmoid colon

Question 7

In digestion, what occurs in the rectum?

Answer 7

Faeces propelled into rectum where controlled relaxation of sphincters expels them

Question 8

What chemical are involved in digestion?

Answer 8

Saliva - amylase and lipase
Stomach - acid and pepsin (proteins)
Duodenum - bile and HCO3-

Question 9

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 9

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum. Contains small amount of fluid.

Visceral covers organs, parietal covers abdominal wall