S01/02-Anatomy of the female reproductive system Flashcards
Why is the broad ligament important in uterine surgery?
It attaches the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes to the pelvic walls
What do the uterine arteries cross at the base of the broad ligament that requires being careful around the arteries?
The ureters, this means have to be careful not to damage them when ligating (tieing up) the ureters.
What are the ligaments of the cervix?
Transverse cervical ligaments - Extend from cervix and lateral fornix of vagina to lateral wall of the pelvis.
Contains the uterine artery
Uterosacral ligaments-pass from sides of cervix to middle of sacrum.
Pubocervical-from cervix to pubic symphysis
What is the arterial supply to the female repro tract? Give arteries from large to small
Aorta Common Iliac Internal iliac Uterine artery -vaginal branch -uterus -Tubal -Ovarian
What is the venous drainage of the female repro system from small vessels to large?
Uterine venous plexus Uterine vein Internal Iliac Common Iliac IVC
What are the uses of the vaginal fornices in examination?
They can be used for palpating organs. The lateral fornices can be used to palpate ovaries and if you can then it indicates they are abnormal (enlarged or cystic) .The posterior fornix can be used to palpate the rectouterine pouch.
What is the instrument for visualisation of the female repro tract called and what does it allow to be visualised?
Speculum allows visualisation of vaginal canal, fornices, inferior end of cervix and external os.
How will the cervix appear in a woman who has had children and one who has not?
Woman who has had children (multiparae) will have an enlarged slit like external os.
Woman who has not had any children (nulliparae) will have a smaller circular external os.
What is a bimanual palpation and what does it allow to be palpated for?
It involves palpating with one hand in the vagina or rectum and the other on the suprapubic area in order to palpate for the uterus to see if its anteverted or retroverted.
What is a hysterosalpingogram?
Use catheter placed in vagina to inject contrast media. Can see uterine tubes (fill up with contrast, indicates patent, with contrast leaking out of fimbriae
into peritoneum), otherwise could indicate blockage.
How would you image for polycycstic ovaries?
Using ultrasound you can determine if they are polycystic or normal.
What is the normal technique that is used to sterilise women?
Tubal ligation, cut tie or block off fallopian tubes.
What is a fistulae and where can this occur in the female reproductive tract?
It is an abnormal connection between two epithelia.
It can happen rectovaginally and connect the vagina and rectum or can occur vesicovaginally to connect the bladder and vagina.
Where does pain at ovulation occur?
Referred pain to same side as the ovary, is felt in the iliac fossa.
What are fibroids and how are they treated?
Collagenous scar tissue that is laid down by fibroblasts on the myometrium (middle layer) of the uterus. It can cause infertility and large menstrual bleeding. It is usually congenital and can be treated surgically. Cut off blood supply to the fibroid and cut it out.
