(s)(l)(g)(aq) + random stuff Flashcards
(s)
the compound is a solid
(l)
the compound is a liquid
(g)
the compound is a gas
(aq)
stands for aqueous, and is when a solute is dissolved in the solvent.
ex: hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution because it’s dissolved in water
element definition
a substance made of only one type of atom
compound definition
a substance made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded
mixture definition
a substance made of 2 or more elements not chemically bonded
what is the atomic number
the atomic number tells us how many protons and electrons are in an atom/element
what is the atomic mass
the atomic mass tells us how many neutrons and protons are in an atom/element
what are isotopes
atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. they have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
what do particle diagrams for elements look like
they are the same colour and the same size
what do particle diagrams for compounds look like
they show more than 1 type of atom chemically bonded together, and we can tell that it’s made out of more than 1 type of atom because they will be different colours and sizes. we can tell they’re chemically bonded together because they would be joined together.
what do particle diagrams for mixtures look like
2 or more atoms with different colours/ sizes not joined together
what is effervesence
Effervescence is the formation of gas bubbles in a liquid by a chemical reaction
what is the conservation of mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that no matter is lost or gained during a chemical reaction.
radius of an atom
1x10^-10m (1 nanometer)
radius of a nucleus
1x10^-14m
electron configuration
the first shell holds up to 2 electrons, the second and third hold up to 8 electrons, and the rest are for any extra electrons. there is no limit for the amount of shells an atom can have.
why are some of the mass numbers decimals
because it’s the weighted average mass of all of the isotopes of that element.
what is chromatography
chromatography is used to separate mixtures which have different solubilities, such as pigments in ink
what is filtration
filtration is used to separate an insoluble substance from a liquid.
filtration method
-add a funnel into a conical flask
-fold filter paper then put it into the funnel
-pour the mixture into the filter paper funnel
-watch the residue turn into filtrate
what is crystallisation
the process of forming solid crystals from a solution
what is distillation
Separates 2 liquids with different boiling points
what is fractional distillation
Fractional distillation is a process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated into different parts (called fractions) according to their different boiling points.
