Ryst: Intro to Child Therapy Flashcards
List some types of child therapy
parent training behavior therapy cognitive therapy psychodynamic therapy family systems therapy
“Coaching” parents to learn new strategies of behavior monitoring, reinforcement, effective use of “time out,” and teaching parents how to play
parent training
What is the traditional way of conceptualizing oppositional/explosive behavior in kids?
think of it as the byproduct of inept parenting, so the child thinks that this behavior is effective for coercing adults to capitulate to his or her wishes
What is another way to look at oppositional/explosive behavior in kids?
consider that the child is delayed in development of the skills of flexibility/adaptability and frustration tolerance - the child has a learning disability
**framing the behaviors in this way leads to a totally different perspective when handling the behavior
First step is to identify the deficits in the particular child which leads to his/her inability to be adaptable and to tolerate frustration. What are the six categories of deficits?
executive skills language processing skills emotional processing skills cognitive flexibility skills social skills sensory/motor skills
Happens when the cognitive demands being placed on a person outstrips his/her capacity to respond adaptively.
meltdown
A model developed by Ross Greene to help teach explosive/inflexible children the skills they lack. (Book: The Explosive Child)
It has three goals:
Reduce explosive outbursts (stabilize)
Pursue adult expectations
Teach lacking skills (flexibility and frustration tolerance.)
collaborative problem solving
What are the 3 goals of collaborative problem solving?
1) reduce explosive outbursts (stabilize)
2) pursue adult expectations
3) teach lacking skills
What are 3 adult approaches to problems/unmet expectations?
A: adult gets what they want (effective if there is safety issue)
B: collaborative problem solving (work it out) **the best
C: drop the issue to prevent melt-downs (doesn’t teach the child)
3 ways that you can approach collaborative problem solving
1) empathy
2) define the problem
3) invitation
(ex: repeat the issue to let them know you heard them; “You want pizza” - define the problem “We will be late for our meeting, what can we do instead?”; invite to help compromise/collaborate)
Based on social learning theory
Assumption that a person’s environment, dispositional characteristics, and situational behavior all reciprocally determine each other
Behavior is dynamic and evolving.
Blend of techniques based on operant and classical conditioning.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
What are the 5 elements involved in psychological difficulties?
physiology cognition behavior emotional functioning interpersonal/environmental context
Intervene at these two levels to influence thinking, acting, feelings and bodily reactions.
cognitive
behavioral
Children create (blank), “mental packages” about themselves, relationships, past experiences and the future
schemata
Do children actively construct info or passively respond to environmental stimuli?
actively construct information
Stream-of-consciousness, thoughts and images that are situation specific and pass through a person’s mind during mood shifts.
cognitive products
If someone is rude or mean the automatic thought is, “he doesn’t like me” rather than “he’s in a bad mood” or “he’s having a bad day.”
automatic thoughts
Include cognitive distortions ex: focus on the negatives in a situation
Distortions transform incoming information through assimilation processes to maintain homeostasis so cognitive schemata stay intact
By product of cognitive schemata
Ex: Anxious child doing well on a test.
cognitive operations (processes)
Represent core meaning structures that direct attention encoding and recall.
Drive cognitive products and operations
Reflect the most basic beliefs the individual holds
“The cognitive unit that will store experience in a form so faithful a person can recognize a past event.”
cognitive structure (schemata)
Cognitive schemata are relatively inaccessible and often latent until activated by (blank).
stress
Cognitive triad of depression
Explain unfavorable events through self critical view
Have a negative view of experiences/other people
Have a pessimistic view of the future
**this makes up the specific schemata of depression
What are some differences in CBT between adults and children?
children usu aren’t the ones requesting treatment
children think and live in the here-and-now and require active/fun approaches
need to consider positive/negative reinforcement in kids
want to include parents
take developmental level into account
reinforcement is important
Attempt to rectify distortions, provide new skills and opportunities to practice new skills.
Developmentally appropriate with children as they are constantly working to learn new skills anyway.
Needs to take considerations of the developmental age of child into account.
therapeutic approach
Treatment strategy:
- Define the (blank) and teach the child to recognize, label and self monitor physiologic and emotional cues
- Teach (blank) skills
- Cognitive (blank)
Help child to identify his/her self talk (thought bubbles)
Replace maladaptive cognitions with more adaptive ideas
Attribution re-training - Practice with (blank)
- Contingent (blank)
- Modeling
- Role playing
problem; relaxation; restructuring; problem solving; reinforcement
What is symbolic modeling?
What is live modeling?
What is participant modeling?
watching a videotape of someone else;
directly observing another person coping w a difficult situation;
actively copying a model
Is it more important to model how to handle errors or model success?
how to handle them!
Help child to identify his/her self talk (thought bubbles)
Replace maladaptive cognitions with more adaptive ideas
Attribution re-training
cognitive restructuring
(blank) approach examines distortions or deficiencies;
(blank) approach examines environmental experiences for limited learning experiences or potential pathological experiences
cognitive; behavioral
Assessing cognitive variables involves assessing these three categories
automatic thoughts
core schemata
cognitive distortions
Assessing behavioral variables includes these three aspects
antecedents
behavior
consequences
Play is a vehicle of formulating symbolic representations of implicit meanings. It is a “window” into unconscious meanings. Play is a compromise between frustrated wishes and prohibitions.
Repetition in the service of mastery
Turning passive experiences into active control
A way to find other solutions to unresolved conflicts.
Communication with a partner
Wish fulfillment
Reworking of past difficulties
Reconstruction of the past into a different (? More positive) framework
Some suggested meanings and purposes of play
Theoretical perspective that views the individual as inseparable from their family context.
Family systems, like all systems, tend towards homeostasis. That means that change in one individual will have effects throughout the system, and the system will resist that change.
family systems therapy
T/F: The therapeutic use of play is extraordinarily powerful as it represents the natural medium through which humans learn and construct meaning from experience
True
