Rwanda

Question 1

Roots of Rwandan Genocide

Answer 1

Historical Background
mobilization of Tutsi refugees hoping to return home from Rwanda
Tutsi: cattle herders
Hutu: cultivators/farmers

Question 2

These names are politically constructed/ethnic labels

Answer 2

implications of belonging to this group only became important after colonization
colonial powers that led to political conflict
distinction between tutsi and hutu led to mobilization

Question 3

There was no ancient hatred

Answer 3

deeply felt grievances that more accurately explain the basis for ethnic mobilization
especially when there is a sacristy of resources

Question 4

Colonization: Tribalism without Tribes

Answer 4

German and Belgian colonization
meaning of terms tutsi and hutu significance changed over time
after colonization, Rwandans internalized their identities
subjected them to diametric treatment

Question 5

Unequal access to resources: horizontal inequalities

Answer 5

give better treatment to Tutsi because they had white features
more privilege: education, resources
inclusion and exclusion was based on the category you were assigned to

Question 6

Power

Answer 6

power was concentrated in Tutsi hands by Belgium government
only way for Hutus to endure these horrible conditions was to flee

Question 7

Decolonizations and Loss of Tutsi Power

Answer 7

Belgium colonial elite favoured hutu at this time
Hutus are the majority
Church wanted to remain present in Rwanda
1961: violent hutu revolution

Question 8

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)- Tusti

Answer 8

represented the interest of tutsi people
gained military training from supporting countries
mobilized against the hutus

Question 9

The Run-up to Genocide

Answer 9

RPF invasion
External supports
the French government who had ties to hutu majority of democratic power
not all hutu and tutsis alligned with ther political views
Rwanda refused to let refugees return back home
Tutsi supported by the UK

Question 10

French Support

Answer 10

French government invested so much on supporting the hutu government and helped them flee
this increased the length of the genocide

Question 11

Crash prices of coffee

Answer 11

coffee was an essential for economic stability and cash grab
unemployment rate increased
impacted hutu farmers and putting the blame on the tutsi for getting all the resources

Question 12

The Arush Peace Accord and Policies of Denial

Answer 12

ceasefire agreement between the two groups
European forces systematically denied the genocide
led to more violence

Question 13

The Provision on Power Sharing (Between MRND and RPF)

Answer 13

preventing any party for having collision of taking over
the agreement designed a new traditional assembly where the RPF was given the same amount as the government

Question 14

The Provision on Power Sharing (Between MRND and RPF)

Answer 14

RPF is given more seats than what is actually represented in the population
supported the narrative that hutus had:
hutus gain power and destroy Tutsi

Question 15

How did the accord contribute to the escalation of conflict and ultimately to genocide

Answer 15

disproportionality and unfairness because it favoured Tutsis

Question 16

Internal Factors

Answer 16

1993: the Radio Television Libre des Milles Collines
affiliated with the government
press in Rwanda was limited
helped spread rumors that tutsis were planning the asassination of Rwanda president
spread hatred
anti-tutsi propaganda

Question 17

The Genocide

Answer 17

UN refused to refer to it as a genocide
did not assign their responsibility towards a certain group