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RVT- Parasitology > RVT - Protazoa > Flashcards

RVT - Protazoa Flashcards

1
Q

What phyla do Cystoisospora, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium belong to?

A

Apicomplexa

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2
Q

What phyla does Balantidium coli belong to?

A

Ciliophora

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3
Q

What is the common name for Cystoisospora?

A

Coccidia

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4
Q

What coccidia will we typically find in dogs?

A

Isospora canis

Isospora ohioensis

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5
Q

What cystoisospora will we typically find in cats?

A

Isospora felis

Isospora rivolta

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6
Q

What is the PPP for isospora?

A

1 week

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of a coccidia infection?

A

Watery diarrhea sometimes with blood.

Puppies and kittens can become dehydrated and die

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8
Q

What is the mode of infection for coccidia?

A

Dog or cat ingests sporulated oocyst. 8 sporozoites are released and invade intestinal epithelium.

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9
Q

What phyla do Giardia and Tritrichomonas belong to?

A

Sarcomastigorophora

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10
Q

What condition is Toxoplasma gondii linked to in humans?

A

Recklessness/Inhibition

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11
Q

Where is Toxoplasma gondii found in its definitive host?

A

Small intestines of the cat

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12
Q

What is the intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Many warm blooded vertebrates

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13
Q

What are 4 ways a human could be infected by Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Fecal / Oral
Undercooked meat
Transplacentally
Transmammary ( questionable)

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14
Q

What is the suggested treatment for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Clindamycin

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15
Q

How is T. gondii diagnosed?

A

PCR
IgG and Igm titres
Note- Vial and centrifugal methods not reliable

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16
Q

How many days before Toxoplasma gondii oocysts become infective?

A

1-5 days

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17
Q

What is the leading cause for abortion in small ruminants?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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18
Q

What is the most common definitive host for Crytosporidium?

A

Calves ( but can also be found in pigs and humans)

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19
Q

Which species of Crytoporidium is zoonotic to humans?

A

C. felis and C. canis ( they are not seen much)

20
Q

Where is Cryptosporidium found in its host?

A

Small intestines

21
Q

What are signs of Cryptosporidium infection?

A

Profuse watery diarrhea

22
Q

What is the life cycle of Crytosporidium?

A

Oocyst ingested by host, 8 sporozoites released in small intestine. They undergo 2 types of reproduction ( sexual and asexual) The sporulated cyst leave the cells most of which pass out with feces. Some will excyst, invade cells and begin lifecycle again.

23
Q

How is Cryptosporidium diagnosed?

A

OVC puddle technique
PCR
Acid fast stain of direct fecal smear
Fecal flotation ( may be hard to see oocysts)

24
Q

How is Cryptosporidium treated?

A

None

Symptomatically

25
Q

There are various genotypes of Giardia. What do assemblages A and B infect?

26
Q

Assemblages C and D of Giardia affect what species?

27
Q

What Giardia assemblage affects cats?

28
Q

What Giardia assemblage affects horses, cattle , sheep and goats?

29
Q

Can cats and dogs give Giardia to humans?

A

No. But humans can give the A assemblage of Giardia to their cats and dogs.

30
Q

What is the PPP for Giardia?

A

Like most protazoa, the PPP is quick

1 week

31
Q

What are clinical signs of a Giardia infection?

A

Chronic soft stools

Mucus in stool

32
Q

What is the mode of infection of Giardia?

A

Ingestion of oocyst

Cyst released trophozoite in small intestine

33
Q

What protozoan cyst can survive in the environment for an extended period of time?

34
Q

How is Giardia diagnosed?

A

Direct fecal smear
Elisa
PCR
Centrifugal flotation with sugar solution or zinc sulfate

35
Q

How is a Giardia infection treated?

A

Metronidazole

Fenbendazole

36
Q

What parasite is transmitted by ingestion of infected muscle?

A

Sarcocystis

37
Q

What protozoa found in dogs is a common cause of spontaneous abortion in barn animals?

A

Neospora caninum

38
Q

What stage of Neospora infection is the rapidly dividing stage?

A

Tachyozoites

39
Q

What is the slower dividing stage of Neospora caninum?

A

Bradyzoites

40
Q

Tritrichomonus blagburni causes chronic diarrhea in what species?

41
Q

When is Tritrichomonus blagburni usually seen in cats and where does it reside in its host?

A

0-24 months ( young cats and kittens)

Colon and cecum

42
Q

What is infection with Cystoisospora called?

43
Q

What are the clinical signs of Coccidian infection?

A

Watery diarrhea sometimes with blood

44
Q

How are Cystoisospora diagnosed?

A

Standard vial or centrifugal flotation

45
Q

Which protozoan infection is diagnosed using the OVC puddle technique?

A

Cryptosporidium

46
Q

What are the clinical signs of Neospora caninum infection in its definitive host?

A

Puppies can have hind limb paralysis, cervical weakness and dysphagia.
Adult dogs may have CNS signs or polymyositis

47
Q

How is Neospora caninum diagnosed?

A

Elisa ( for antibodies)

PCR

RVT- Parasitology (3 decks)

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