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RVT- Parasitology > RVT- Endoparasites of horses > Flashcards

RVT- Endoparasites of horses Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Parascaris equorum found in its host and what are the clinical signs of infection?

A

Small intestine
Young horses- Potbelly, unthrifty appearance, intermittent colic, coughing due to migration of larvae into lungs, constipation or diarrhea.
Adults - usually none

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2
Q

What is the mode of infection for Parascaris equorum?

A

Ingestion of infective ova on pastures and stalls.
Eggs are ‘sticky’
Larvae migrate to liver and lungs and are coughed up and swallowed

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3
Q

How is Parascaris equorum diagnosed?

A

Standard vial or centrifugal flotation

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4
Q

How is Parascaris equorum treated?

A

Pasture management
Steam cleaning in stables
Fenbendazole
Resistant to moxidectin and ivermectins

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5
Q

What are ways to protect young horses from Parascaris equorum infection?

A

Keep on cleanest pasture away from other aged horses

Deworm at 6-8 weeks of age and continue deworming every 6-8 weeks for 1st year of life.

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6
Q

What is another name for Cyathostomes?

A

Small strongyles

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7
Q

Where are small strongyles found in horses?

A

Large intestine and cecum

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of strongyle infection?

A 
Unthrifty appearance
Poor performance
Intermittent colic
Possible diarrhea
Clinical signs esp seen in horses under 2 years of age
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9
Q

Why are strongyle infections increasingly important?

A

No dewormers(except moxidectin) are affective against encysted larvae: also adept at building resistance to anthelminthics

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10
Q

What is hypobiosis?

A

Arrested development of larvae stages. This occurs in strongyle infections to facilitate survival of eggs to when environmental conditions are good. In Ontario this would be in late fall or early winter.

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11
Q

How is Cyathostomes diagnosed?

A

Centrifugal fecal flotation

Baermann technique

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12
Q

How is Cyathostomes treated?

A

Moxidectin for adults and encysted larvae
selective treatment
Resistance to pyrantel pamoate and fenbendazole in some areas

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13
Q

What do the eggs of small strongyles look like?

A

Thin-walled morulated egg with 8-16 cell morula.

90 x 50 um

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14
Q

Which of the strongyle species is the most dangerous?

A

Large strongyles as they are destructive feeders that migrate through various organs causing significant damage.
Small strongyles, esp in adults pale in comparison

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15
Q

Which species of strongyle migrates through the cranial mesentary artery affecting the blood supply to the intestines?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

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16
Q

What are the 2 stages to the lifecycle of the large strongyle?

A

Free-living stage

Parasitic stage

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of large strongyle infection?

A

Most clinical signs associated with larval migration
Colic, anemia, weight loss, hind limb lameness, death
Ulcers

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18
Q

Strongyle eggs found in a fecal flotation are likely associated with what species of strongyle?

A

Cyathostomins ( small strongyle) as most Large strongyles have been eradicated in Ontario and other parts of North America

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19
Q

What methods are used to diagnose Large strongyle infection?

A

Fecal flotation for eggs

Baermann technique for larvae

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20
Q

How is Large strongyle infection treated?

A

Larvae - Ivermectin, moxidectin
Adults- Ivermectin, moxidectin, fenbendazole
Pasture management

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21
Q

What is another name for ‘pinworm’ in horses?

A

Oxyuris equi

22
Q

Where is Oxyuris equi found in the horse?

A

Colon, cecum and anus

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of pinworm infection?

A

Tail rubbing

Pruritus of perianal region

24
Q

Is pinworm infection typically seen in young or old horses?

A

Over 18 months

25
Q

What does the Oxyuris equi egg look like and how is this infection diagnosed?

A

Cellophane tape or scraping

Egg is 90 x 40 um operculated gold

26
Q

How is pinworm infection treated?

A

Fenbendazole

Pyrantel pamoate

27
Q

What is another name for Strongyloides westeri in horses?

A

Threadworm

28
Q

Where are threadworm found in their host?

A

Small intestine

29
Q

Are we most likely to see Strongyloides westeri in adult horses or young horses?

A

Young.

Rarely seen in adults and rarely cause disease

30
Q

How is threadworm transmitted?

A

Mares colostrum, skin penetration, ingestion of infective larvae

31
Q

What clinical signs can we see in foals with threadworm infection?

A

Diarrhea, coughing, weight loss

32
Q

How is Strongyloides westeri diagnosed?

A

Fecal flotation

50 x 35 um larvated egg

33
Q

How can threadworm infection be prevented in foals?

A

Deworm mare within 24 hours of parturition using Ivermectin

34
Q

What kind of parasite is Parascaris equorum?

A

Roundworm found in horses

35
Q

Which nematode egg can remain viable in the environment for months to years?

A

Parascaris equorum

36
Q 
Put the following in order from smallest to largest-
Whipworm ova
Isospora oocyst
Roundworm ova
Giardia cyst
A

Giardia 10x10
Isospora 36x30
Whipworm 60x40
Roundworm 80x75

37
Q 
Put in order of largest to smallest egg/oocyst-
Crytosporidium parvuum
Diplidium caninum
Taenia pisiformis
Ancylostoma caninum
A

Diplydium 200x150
Ancylostoma 60x40
Taenia 30x40
Cryptosporidium 4x5

38
Q

You have just run a fecal on a horse and have found a strongyle egg…..How can you tell what species it has come from?

A

Send to lab for a culture

39
Q

Which parasite ovum is fairly large, may be larvated, has an operculum and one flattened side?

A

Anoplocephala

40
Q

Which equine parasite has a micopyle?

A

Eimeria leuckarti ( coccodia)

41
Q 
Put the following equine ova in order from smallest to largest-
Threadworm
Roundworm 
Pinworm
Giardia cyst
A

Giardia 10x10
Threadworm 50x35
Pinworm 90x40
Roundworm 90x100

42
Q

Which parasites in horses undergo hypobiosis?

A

Cyathostomes

43
Q

What is a reduction test?

A

Get McMaster egg count test prior to deworming….recheck 14 days after deworming to assess effectiveness of product

44
Q

What parasite has a 1 year PPP?

A

Gastrophilus (bot worm)

45
Q

Where are the following parasite eggs found on a horse?
G.intestinalis
G. nasalis
G. haemorrhoidalis

A

Gastrophilus intestinalis - forelimbs and shoulders
G. nasalis (throat bot) - lip hairs
G. haemorrhoidalis ( nose and lip bot) - hairs of submaxillary region

46
Q

What is the common name for Gastrophilus and how is it diagnosed and treated?

A

Horse bots
Diagnosed by eggs on hair of horse or bots in the feces
Treatment - Ivermectin, Moxidectin

47
Q

What 2 parasites are associated with EPM?

A

Neospora hughesi

Sarcocystis neurona

48
Q

What are the intermediate host and definitive host in S. neurona?

A

Intermediate - cat, raccoon, skunks
Definitive - oppossum
Dead end/aberrant host - Horse

49
Q

What is the common name for Eimeria leukarti and how is it diagnosed?

A

Coccidia
Standard fecal flotation
4 sporocytes with 2 sporocysts inside

50
Q

What parasite is assemblage E associated with and how is it diagnosed?

A

Giardia
For cysts- standard fecal with zinc sulfate
For trophozoites - direct fecal smear

51
Q

What equine parasite egg is larvated with a flattened side giving it a ‘stirrup’ appearance?

A

Hexacanth embryo - Anoplocephala

52
Q

What is the intermediate host for the Anoplocephala?

A

Forage mite

RVT- Parasitology (3 decks)

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