RVT- Muscles of the neck and foreleg

Question 1

What are the basic functions of intrinsic muscles?

Answer 1

Flexion of the joint
Extension of the joint
Stabilization of the joint

Question 2

What are the basic functions of extrinsic muscles?

Answer 2

Adduct
Abduct
Retract
Protract

Question 3

What is the name of an important lymph node found in the cervical region and what muscle is it attached to?

Answer 3

Superficial cervical lymph node located medially to the omohyoideus muscle

Question 4

What would happen to a dog that had a paralysed pectoral muscle?

Answer 4

Would not be able to abduct its leg as the pectoral muscle is an adductor

Question 5

What would happen to a dog with a paralyzed Cranial brachial group of muscles?

Answer 5

It would not be able to extend the carpus and digits as the cbg are the extensors of the carpus and digits

Question 6

What would happen to a dog with a paralyzed caudal antebrachial group of muscles?

Answer 6

The CaG are the flexors of the carpus and digits so they would not be able to extend.

Question 7

What do the quadricepts do?

Answer 7

They all extend the knee

Question 8

What do the hamstrings do?

Answer 8

Flex the knee

Question 9

What are the muscles of the quadricepts?

Answer 9

Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus femoris
Vastus intermedius

Question 10

What are the muscles of the hamstring area?

Answer 10

semi-tendonis
semi-membranous
Bicepts femoris

Question 11

What is the difference between a tendon and an aponeurosis?

Answer 11

A tendon is a projection of connective tissue attaching muscle to bone
Aponeurosis is a broad fiberous sheet of connective tissue

Question 12

What are a few examples of muscles with aponeurosis?

Answer 12

Lattisimus dorsi
External / internal abdominal obliques
Transverse abdominus

Question 13

What is the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?

Answer 13

Lattisimus dorsi
Serratus ventralis
Deep and superficial pectoral muscles

Question 14

What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

Answer 14

A tendon connects bone to muscle

A ligament connects bone to bone

Question 15

What is the linea alba?

Answer 15

It is a non vascular fiberous connective tissue that runs along the central midline of the animal. It is not muscle.

Question 16

What are the main muscles of the cervical region?

Answer 16

Sternal hyoid muscle
Sternal cephalic muscle
Brachiocephalic muscle ( cleidocervicalis, cleidobrachialis)
Omohyoideus
Deltoid
Trapezious

Question 17

What does the sternal hyoid muscle do?

What is origin and insertion?

Answer 17

It pulls back the voicebox, swallowing reflex
Origin- sternum
Insertion- hyoid bone

Question 18

What does the sternal cephalicus do?
What is the point of origin
What is the point of insertion?

Answer 18

It Flexes the head and neck , lowers the head
Origin - sternum
Insertion- skull

Question 19

What do the brachiocephalicus muscles do?
Origin?
Insertion?

Answer 19

Extends the head and neck, lowers head
Pulls front leg forward
Origin - sternum
Insertion- Occipital bone

Question 20

What is the feature that separates the cleidocervicalis from the cleidobrachialis?

Answer 20

Clavicular tendon intersection

Question 21

What does the omohyoideus muscle do?
Origin?
Insertion?

Answer 21

Moves the head
Origin- spine of scapula
Insertion - mandible

Question 22

What does the deltoid muscle do?
Origin?
Insertion?

Answer 22

Stabilizes the shoulder joint, flexes the shoulder
Origin - Spine of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 23

What is the function of the trapezious muscle?
Origin?
Insertion?

Answer 23

Abducts the limb
Origin - Spinous process of spine
Insertion - Dorsal border of the scapula

Question 24

What 2 muscles attach the the medial aspect of the scapular fossa?
What are their function?

Answer 24

Supraspinatous muscle - Stabilizes and extends shoulder

Infraspinatous muscle - stabilizes and flexes shoulder

Question 25

What is the cross-bridge of the sarcomere?

Answer 25

Its the area where there is an interaction between the actin and myosin filaments