Russian treatment of Jews under the Tsars Flashcards
What was the behaviour toward the jews pre- Alexander II?
-5m in russia- tolerated + not liked
-1835- laws to live in certian areas, no hebrew in public documents, no synagouges near churches.
What was Alexander II’s behaviour toward Jewish people before the 1863 polish revolt?
-relaxed
-jews who paid more than 1k roubles in taxes live + trade outside the pale. (uni grads too)
What was Alexander II’s behaviour toward Jewish people post- the 1863 Polish revolt?
-nationalism increased = anti-semitism
-jewish schools closed
-1870- jewish participation in Zemstvo limited.
What was Alexander III’s behaviour towards the Jewish people?
-disliked jews+ slow to act against pogroms
-development of holy leauge- right wing anti-semites
-eventually condemed holy leauge
What did Pobodonestev say aout jewish people (alex iii)
1/3 die, 1/3 deported, 1/3 dissolved
What were Alexander III’s temporary + perm regulations about jewish people?
- no owning, managing property + farms outside of the pale.
- jews no trade on holy days + sundays
- Limits on jewish people in unis
- 1891- edict of expulson from Moscow
How did Nicholas ii behave toward jewish people?
-influenced by pobodonestev
-anti-semetic
-common progroms especially at easter
What happened in 1903 at kishinev (nicholas ii)?
-3 days of violence
-50 jews killed
-hundred injured.
What happened to the jews in odessa under Nicholas ii?
-500 killed over 4 days of violence.
Which Nicholas supported anti-semetic group formed?
-the black hundred
-politicial party- union of the russian people
What did Jewish people do as a response under Nicholas II?
-emigrated to the USA
-repressed into socialism.
How did Tsars before Nicholas II behave toward muslims?
-left alone just hoped for conversion.
How did Nicholas II behave toward muslims?
-all russian muslim leauge 1906 had seats
-banned in 1907
-insensitive over conscriptions during ramadan, and insinuated that they were bad at fighting.
