Russian Rev Flashcards
Autocratic
-One leader in total control of country with no other advisors
Czar Nicholas (Romanovs)
-Last Czar of Russia
-abdicated during March revolution which ended the Romanov dynasty
Rasputin
-Known as “Mad Monk”
-close with Alexandra; people didn’t trust him
-claims to heal/control her son’s hemophilia
-corrupt and uneducated in government
Bloody Sunday
-Workers marched to the winter palace
-better work conditions more freedoms and upset about the treaty after Ruso-Japanese war
-soldiers fired on people and many died
Duma
-Congress that was made by the czar to appeal to the people
-really did nothing/still autocracy
-dissolved after 10 months
-result of bloody Sunday
Lenin
-Lived in Germany
-released by the germans to spread communism in Russia to stop the two front war
-“peace land and bread”
-leader of Petrograd soviet
-becomes first communist leader of Russia
Bolsheviks
Early communist party
Communism
-Classless society
-everything owned by the state
-government BY the working class
-wealth redistributed; wages rather than salary
Proletariat
-The working class
-wanted a proletariat revolution to form communism in Russia
March Revolution
- Female workers mad about the lack of food and fuel (all resources being sent to WWI soldiers)
- many soldiers dying from being short on supplies and under industrialized
-gained many followers very fast
-Alexandria didn’t see the protests as a threat (big mistake)
-Czar’s soldiers join the protests (HUGE deal because now there’s nobody to enforce the czar’s commands; powerless)
-Czar overthrown on his way back to the winter palace after he realizes how serious the conflict is
Provisional Government
-temporary government put in place until they founded their new government (between autocracy and communism)
-VERY WEAK
Bolshevik Revolution
-Lenin and Bolsheviks want change at any cost and overthrow provisional government
-new flag (hammer and sickle)
-starts civil war in Russia (reds vs whites)
-signs treaty with Germany and gives away lots of land in exchange for exiting the war (Brest-Litovsk)
Soviets
local councils of soldiers, workers, and peasants
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
-treaty with germans
-gave away a lot of land in exchange for exiting WWI
Civil War (red vs white)
Red army = communists
White army = people that wanted anything but communism
War Communism
- Government takeover of mines, industries, banks, and railroads
- peasants forced to deliver “surplus/extra” food to hungry people in cities
Leon Trotsky
-Wanted GLOBAL proletariat revolution
-Stalin vs Trotsky for leader after Lenin died
New Economic Policy (NEP)
-Created by Lenin to revive economy after WWI
-State controls larger industries+ taxes, trade, and banks
-some small businesses privately owned
Totalitarianism
Total centralized state control over every aspect of life (public and private)
-Police terror used to force obedience with intimidation
-Indoctrination to mold minds and form loyalty through state control over education
-Propaganda/Censorship to control media and make fake news
-Religious/ethnic persecution to remove “enemies of the state” and “others”
Stalin
-Grew up as a poor family in Georgia (country)
-Studying to become a priest but dropped out to join the bolshevik rev (ironic)
-“General secretary of the Communist Party” in 1922
-Became dictator in 1924 after Lenin died
-In control during WWII
Five Year Plan
Goal: make Russia an industrialized world power
-focus on agriculture and industry
-limit consumer goods and focus on oil, steel, coal, and electricity
Collectivization
government takes and combines privately owned farms into large government-owned farms
Kulaks
land owning peasants
-resisted collectivization
The Great Purge
-Stalin goes on a killing spree
-kills people he doesn’t trust/could threaten his power
-kills 90% of bolshevik military officials (big mistake)
