Russian Current

Question 1

What is Russian current

Answer 1

Burst modulated continuous alternating sine wave current

Carrier frequency of 2500 Hz but Burst is modulated at 50 Hz with 50% duty cycle with 10 ms burst duration resulting in pulsed AC current

Used to minimize muscle weakness or maximize muscle strength

Question 2

Burst duration ?

Each burst consists of how many pulses or cycles?

Cycle duration?

Phase duration?

Answer 2

Burst duration: 10 msec

Each burst consists of 25 cycles

Cycle duration: 400 μs

Phase duration: 200 μs

Question 3

Medium

Answer 3

Wet sponge
Or electroconductive gel

Question 4

Physiological effects

Answer 4

Motor units depolarization = generation of muscle force

Stimulation of muscle fibers
- fast twitch fatigable
- fast twitch fatigue-resistant
- slow twitch

Question 5

Therapeutic effects of Russian current

Answer 5

Muscle strengthening

Enhancing muscle endurance

Minimizing muscle atrophy

Question 6

Current amplitude (intensity)

Answer 6

Must evoke muscle contraction

Question 7

Duty cycle

Answer 7

10 seconds on : 50 seconds off

Approximately 20% on the machine

Question 8

Ramp up and ramp down

Answer 8

Part of the ON time

Usually set between 0.5 to 2 seconds

Question 9

Russian protocol

Answer 9

10 contractions
Each contraction lastin 10 seconds with 50 second rest for each session

Question 10

General contraindications

Answer 10

Question 11

Local contraindication

Answer 11

Question 12

Output channel

Answer 12

Bi-channels (mainly for muscle strengthening)

Multichannels

Question 13

Electrode type

Answer 13

Carbon-impregnated
Flexible metals

Question 14

Spacing and penetration

Answer 14

Wider the spacing = deeper penetration

Question 15

Electrode orientation

Answer 15

Placed parallel to the direction of muscle fibers

Question 16

Electrode attachment

Answer 16

Hypoallergic tape
Self adhesive

Question 17

Electrode placement

Answer 17

Monopolar
- one over targeted muscle
- other placed away from target muscle

Bipolar:
- 2 electrodes over targeted muscle

Quadripolar: 4 electrodes placed over target muscle

Multipolar:
- more than 4 electrodes over targeted muscle

Question 18

What is a motor point

Answer 18

Specific skin areas where the targeted muscle is best stimulated with the smallest amount of current amplitude and shortest pulse duration

Question 19

Stimulation modes

Answer 19

Synchronous mode
- delay time: 0 seconds
- ON-OFF time of Ch1 and Ch2 are equal

Reciprocal:
- delay time: 5 seconds
- OFF time of Ch1 = ON time of Ch2
- OFF time of Ch2 = ON time of Ch1

Overlapping:
- delay time is greater than 0 but less than ON time of Ch1
- delay time = 3 seconds

Question 20

Stimulation training method

Answer 20

Electrical stimulation alone

Electrical stimulation plus volition (active contractions)

Question 21

Number of bouts per training

Answer 21

2-3 bouts of 10 contraction

Each bout separated by a 5 minute rest period