Russia USSR - Section 1 Flashcards
Where were Russian citizens moving at the beginning of the 20th century ?
Towns and cities
What was the name of the secret police under the reign of the tsar ?
Okhrana
Reasons why Rasputin was so unpopular ?
He was from a peasant family
He was supposedly the queens lover
What is the name of the event in 1905 when troops loyal to the Tsar on peaceful protesters ?
Bloody Sunday
What is the name of the organisation that Nicholas II set up in Russia in 1905 to improve democracy and share decision-making ?
The Duma
Effects of the first world war on Russia
Bread and food rationing
Thousands of men died
War communism - people starved, riots and strikes
Why did the February revolution succeed in overthrowing the tsar
The provisional government was weak
The army worked with the people
So many people were against the tsar
The tsar was easily overthrown
Promises made by the provisional government in 1917
To free political prisoners
Freedom of speech
Preparations to be started for electing a constituent assembly
Which organisation supported the provisional government after the February revolution
The Petrograd soviet
Why did the provisional government lack power after the February revolution ?
The April thesis
How did the provisional government help the people in Russia ?
An 8 hour working day was introduced
What did Lenin say the attitude towards the p.g should be
There should be no cooperation
The three promises learning used to attract support to the Bolsheviks
Peace, land, bread
What is the name of the event which saw the provisional government use troops to fire on demonstrators and arrest some leading Bolsheviks ?
The July days
Who did Kerensky use to stop the Kornilov revolt
The red guards
Which event did Trotsky use to make the Bolshevik take over of power official
Congress of soviets
Why was the October Revolution a success
Trotskys timings and plans
The weakness of the provisional government
Three decrees put in place by Lenin after the Bolshevik takeover
Peace decree
Land decree
Workers decree
What political party got more in the the constituent assembly elections
The socialist revolutionary party
What did Lenin do to the first constituent assembly
Shut it down
Lenin’s secret police
The Cheka
Enemies of the Bolsheviks in the civil war (the whites)
Kerensky and his troops Allies of Russia from WW1 Kornilov, Denkin and the monarchists Kolchak and his troops The Czech legion
Name given to the Bolshevik supply system to the army
War communism
Effects of war communism
Starvation Riots Strikes Cannonbalism Food requisitioning State took control of banks
What happened to food and factory production during the civil war
It went to the army first - requisitioned
What happened to the Kornilov naval base
They had a mutiny in March 1921
Aspects of the new economic policy
Crops were no longer requisitioned and peasants could sel, their extra crops
Workers were paid wages again
Individuals could own factories if less than 20 people worked there
Anyone could own a shop
Effects of the NEP
Crop numbers increased
Factory production increased
What date did Lenin die ?
21 January 1924
Which city did Lenin’s funeral take place ?
Moscow
Problems of ruling Russia
Social inequalities
Poor infrastructure
Tsar Nicholas II was unsuitable to rule
What is a soviet ?
A council of local workers and soldiers
What months did the two revolutions take place in ?
October
February
What was order number 1
An order given to the army by the Petrograd Soviet saying that they must obey the P.G
How long was th provisional government meant to last for ?
Until the new system was running (the constituent assembly)
Why did the Bolsheviks win the civil war ?
The red army was stronger
The whites army was weaker
The Reds were more popular than the whites
Who liked the NEP
Workers and peasants
What job/ what were the majority of people in Russia ?
Peasants
what were the April thesis ?
directives published by Lenin offering people peace, land and bread and proclaiming that all power to the soviets
Why were the red stronger ?
- They had a military advantage called “interior lines”
- War communism
- The bolsheviks clamped down on resistance
Why were the whites weaker ?
- Their only agreement was to get rid of the Bolsheviks
- Troops were treated badly - so they joined red army
- End of WW1
Why were the reds more popular ?
- Trotsky was good leader
- Political commissars made sure troops believed in Bolshevik ideas
- Trotsky made inspiring speeches and executed those who did not support him
