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russia- tsar crown- stolypin Flashcards

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1
Q

what does orthodoxy mean

A

following traditional teachings

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2
Q

what does autocracy mean

A

a system of rule where one person has absolute power

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3
Q

what is a tsar

A

Russian word for king/emperor. Nicholas II was the tsar from 1894-1917

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4
Q

what does nationality mean

A

sense of belonging to the nation

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5
Q

when was Tsar Nicholas II born

A

1868

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6
Q

when was Tsar Nicholas II crowned

A

1896

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7
Q

who was Tsar Nicholas II wife

A

Alexandra of hesse

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8
Q

what did Tsar Nicholas II believe strongly in

A

autocracy, rejecting many reform requests

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9
Q

what did Tsar Nicholas II do in 1904-1905

A

led Russia into a bad war against Japan

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10
Q

when did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate the throne

A

1917

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11
Q

when was Tsar Nicholas II killed and by who

A

1918 by the Bolsheviks

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12
Q

how was Alexandra related to Queen Victoria

A

granddaughter

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13
Q

what were the problems with the court under Tsar Nicholas II(3)

A

ministers could be sacked without reason, good ministers were sacked because the tsar felt threatened, people were seen 1 on 1 with the tsar resulting in competition and chaos, unqualified friends and family members were appointed

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14
Q

what transportation was used

A

railway lines, most walked, carriages for upper class

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15
Q

when did the industrialisation start

A

late 1800s

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16
Q

why did peasants come to the city for work

A

make extra money

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17
Q

what type of people emerged during the industrialisation

A

capitalists

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18
Q

what was the role of capitalists

A

control the workers

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19
Q

what were the working conditions like in the city(6)

A

no regulations on child labour, hours, safety or education, trade unions illegal, low pay, 12-15 hour days, unguarded machinery, brutal discipline

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20
Q

how much of the population were peasants

A

80%

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21
Q

what were peasants life expectancy

A

40 years

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22
Q

who were kulaks

A

prosperous peasant farmers

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23
Q

what were the living conditions for peasants

A

very poor living, small strip of land allotted per family

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24
Q

how much of the population were nobility/aristocracy

A

1.5%

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25
Q

how much land did the nobility/aristocracy own

A

25%

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26
Q

where did the profits from industry go

A

to the capitalists

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27
Q

what were the mir

A

peasant councils used to control peasants

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28
Q

who were the land captains

A

minor landlords appointed by the Tsar as his officials

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29
Q

what was Zemstva

A

local assemblies which ere dominated by landlords

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30
Q

what was the Ohkrana

A

the Tsar’s secret police

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31
Q

what does abdicate mean

A

resign

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32
Q

when were political parties allowed

A

1905

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33
Q

what was a very common punishment

A

exile to siberia

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34
Q

what did the Crimean war do

A

highlighted Russia’s weaknesses

35
Q

what did alexander the II do

A

brought reform, industrialisation and frees the serfs

36
Q

when were the serfs freed

A

1861

37
Q

what was there an increase of under Alexander II

A

revolution groups

38
Q

what did alexander III do after his father was murdered by terrorists

A

Counter- reform

39
Q

who was Lenin

A

a revolutionary leader who followed Marxism

40
Q

why did many Russians not like Tsarina Alexandra

A

she was German who Russia went to war with and was seen to be a spy

41
Q

when was Lenin exiled to Siberia

A

1895

42
Q

what does orthodoxy mean

A

following traditional teachings e.g the Russian orthodox church

43
Q

what does autocracy mean

A

system of rule where one person has absolute power

44
Q

what is nationality

A

sense of belonging to the nation

45
Q

when was the Russo-japan war

A

1904-1905

46
Q

what did the war do

A

showed how weak Russia was. war seen as unnecessary and a humiliating defeat

47
Q

when was Alexei born

A

1904

48
Q

what condition did Alexei have

A

haemophilia

49
Q

when was bloody sunday

A

January 1905

50
Q

what was bloody sunday

A

a Sunday where over 100k peaceful protestors led by father gapon came with petitions which stated that they wanted a constitution, more rights, end the war and elections. palace guards then fired upon them as they panicked. they killed 100-1000 people.

51
Q

why was Nicholas II bad at ruling(5)

A

refused to share his power, avoided important decisions, refused to delegate, poor management of officials as he fired good ones due to fear, corruption(family appointed and bribes taken)

52
Q

why did the government not collapse from 1894-1904(5)

A

Mir controlled peasants, land captains were appointed by the tsar, Zemstva and local assemblies, Ohkrana, no unity and limited resistance

53
Q

what was Marxism

A

no classes and every worker works towards a common good. first the middle class overthrows monarchy then workers overthrow middle class, medium pace and radical

54
Q

what was communism

A

Marxism however the public owns all the property and becomes classless, fast and radical change. use violence if needed

55
Q

what was socialism

A

Marxism however there can be private property and change is slower. gentle pace

56
Q

who wrote the communist manifesto

A

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

57
Q

when was the communist manifesto written

A

1848

58
Q

what nationality were the creators of the communist manifesto

A

german

59
Q

who were liberals/cadets

A

a middle class political party who wanted democracy and said Britain had a king and a parliament

60
Q

who were the socialist revolutionaries

A

radical political party. wanted to take nobility estates and give them to peasants. violent as they killed 2 government officials and many secret police. popular in towns and the countryside

61
Q

who were the socialist democratic party

A

a party that split in 1903 into the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. both groups were illegal and wanted the same goal. Bolsheviks wanted it through revolution while Mensheviks wanted it through legal ways

62
Q

what happened in Feb. 1905

A

series of riots and strikes. Tsar’s uncle is killed

63
Q

what happened in may 1905

A

the Russian navy was sunk after traveling for months to reach the Japanese

64
Q

what happened in June 1905

A

mutiny on Potemkin- crew took control of ship

65
Q

what happened in sept 1905

A

general strikes and the establishments of the soviets

66
Q

what happened in oct 1905

A

the October manifesto was issued. this pleased the middle classes

67
Q

what happened in Nov 1905

A

redemption payments stopped.

68
Q

what happened in Dec 1905

A

workers not satisfied. the tsar used troops to crush the revolts.

69
Q

what was the tsar known as before people lost faifth

A

little father

70
Q

what did Russia expect from the Russo- japan war

A

a quick and easy win

71
Q

what happened in the Russo-Japan war

A

most army and navy killed, Russia openly humiliated

72
Q

what happened with rural peasants after bloody Sunday

A

they burned down houses and stole crops

73
Q

what happened with colonised nations after bloody Sunday

A

burst into rebellion to protest outside rule

74
Q

what happened with middle classes after bloody Sunday

A

discontent due to no vote or political parties

75
Q

what did the October manifesto give(5)

A

basic civil rights, political parties allowed to form, Vote for men, Duma, end to autocracy

76
Q

who were the duma

A

people elected by the peasants whose approval was needed for new laws

77
Q

how was the duma composed

A

1/2 members appointed by tsar, half members appointed by others however Gentry votes outnumbered peasants votes 20:1

78
Q

why did the duma start lasting longer as they went on

A

they became less radical so the Tsar didn’t dismiss them

79
Q

what were the fundamental laws

A

they said that the tsar possessed supreme power and had the power to appoint and dismiss the Duma.

80
Q

when did the duma meet for the first time

A

may 1906

81
Q

when were the fundamental laws issued

A

5 days before the duma met

82
Q

who influenced the October manifesto

A

PM witte

83
Q

what did the October manifesto do to the opposition

A

divided them, as the cadets were happy but the socialists were annoyed the tsar still ad to approve the laws.

history (2 decks)

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