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Russia in revolution > Russia in Revolution 1917-Bolshevik year of triumph > Flashcards

Russia in Revolution 1917-Bolshevik year of triumph Flashcards

1
Q

When did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate?

A

2nd March 1917

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2
Q

Who was the leader of the new government?

A

Prince Lvov became leader of the new government

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3
Q

How did the foreign allies react to the revolution?

A

They welcomed it. They hoped it would renew Russia’s commitment to the war.

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4
Q

What was the name of Russia’s foreign minister in 1917 and what did he believe about Russias future?

A

Foreign minister= Paul Milyokov

-He believed Russia’s future lay in Victory over Germany.

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5
Q

What was the “Address to the people of the whole world”? When was it made?

A
  • Bolshevik decree
  • It called for peace without annexations or indemnities
  • 14th March 1917
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6
Q

What was the June offensive?

A

Offensive against the Austro-Hungarian army

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7
Q

When did the June offensive take place?

A

16th June 1917

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8
Q

What was the impact of the June offensive on the Russian army and the Prov gov?

A

Offensive broke down, troops turned on their own officers, desertings, collapse of russian army= big fat FAILURE
-Provisional Gov didn’t survive after the fall of the army, reformed later with Kerensky as PM and an increased represetation of the All-Russian soviet

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9
Q

Which parties dominated the Prov Gov when it began in march 1917?

A

The Octobrists and the Kadets

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10
Q

Who was the only radical representative in the Provisional government when it was first established?

A

Alexander kerensky (a lawyer)

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11
Q

Which parties weren’t represented in the provisional government?

A

The Mensheviks, the Bolsheviks and the social revolutionaries

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12
Q

From Feb 1917-Oct 1917, who did the prov Gov share power with?

A

The All-Russian soviet

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13
Q

When did the petrograd soviet become the All-russian soviet?

A

June 1917

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14
Q

What was Order Number one?

A

Law from the petrograd soviet requiring all army officers to be elected by their troops.

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15
Q

How did Order Number one affect officers in the army?

A

Unpopular/enthusiastic officers dismissed

Authority of officers undermimed

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16
Q

How many soviet members were in the Prov Gov in may 1917? Include one specific name

A

6 members including Skobelev (minister of labour)

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17
Q

Who become leader of the Prov gov in july 1917?

A

Alexander kerensky

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18
Q

Who were the dominant group in the soviet in october 1917?

A

The bolsheviks

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19
Q

What happened in Petrograd in April 1917? What happened as a result?

A

Demonstrations against the war

As a result Milyukov resigned and the war minister Guchkov in early may

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20
Q

What was meant by crisis in the countryside?

A

The Prov gov had no control over the peasants in the countryside

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21
Q

In june 1917, how many complaints did the prov gov receive?

A

700 complaints were received about illegal attacks on property

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22
Q

When did Lenin return to russia?

A

April 1917

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23
Q

Whose beliefs did Lenin follow?

A

Karl marx’s communist teachings

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24
Q

How did Lenin decide a revolution should be carried out?

A

Led by a small, disciplined party of professional revolutionaries ( a ‘vanguard’ party)

25
Q

What happened to the russian social democrat party in 1903?

A

The party split over Lenin’s beliefs

26
Q

Who became Lenin’s ‘vanguard party’?

A

The bolsheviks (Lenin’s faction)

27
Q

What problems faced Lenin and the bolsheviks in april 1917?

A
  • Most of the bolshevik leadership were outside Russia
  • Some of the bolshevik leaders eg Stalin had agreed with the Prov gov
  • The bolshevik party were an illegal organisation, hounded by the okhrana
28
Q

How did Lenin travel to Russia from Zurich?

A

March 1917- lenin given permission by german government to travel to sweden with other revolutionaries
- Lenin travelled in a sealed train without making stops

29
Q

When did Lenin arrive in Petrograd?

A

On the night of the 3rd April

30
Q

What was the name of the bolshevik newspaper?

A

“Pravda” (truth)

31
Q

What were Lenin’s two main rallying cries?

A

“Peace,land and bread”

“All power to the soviets”

32
Q

What did Lenin’s april thesis state?

A
  • war should end, as it encourages greed
  • revolution should move to 2nd stage and place power in the hands of the prolateriat (peasants)
  • no support for Prov Gov
  • abolition of police, army and bureacracy
  • confiscation of all landed estates
  • immediate union of all banks
  • production of all goods to come under the soviet
33
Q

What happened tuesday 3rd july 1917?

A

Machine gunners from the first machine gun regiment were sent to major petrograd factories and military units to appeal for an uprising

Demonstrations took place outside the prov gov and Soviet headquarters

34
Q

Where were the prov gov and Petrograd soviet headquarters?

A

Prov gov= Mariinsky palace

Soviet= Tauride palace

35
Q

How did the 3rd july demonstrations hinder the bolshevik cause?

A

It brought the petrograd soviet and the Prov Gov together against the bolshevik threat

36
Q

What happened on wednesday 4th july 1917?

A

The petrograd soviet had many bolshevik members who had infiltrated the factories and rallying them to fight.

At the height of demonstartions, 50000 armed demonstrators surrounded tauride palace waiting for an order to occupy. They were dispersed only by a thunderstorm in the evening.

37
Q

What happened thursday 5th july 1917?

A

Late afternoon, the central committee of the bolshevik party called off demonstrations

38
Q

What happened saturday 7th july 1917?

A

A large force of loyal troops surrounded the bolshevik headquarters (kshensinkaia mansion)
500 bolsheviks inside were arrested

39
Q

What happened to Lenin after the july days?

A

Lenin fled to the finnish border having been branded a traitor and accused of high treason

40
Q

What did Lenin write whilst he was hiding in Switzerland?

A

A book called “the state and revolution”

41
Q

When was the Kornilov affair?

A

August 1917

42
Q

Who did Kornilov replace as commander-in-cheif on 18th july?

A

General Brusilov

43
Q

What was one of the (false) myths surrounding Kornilov in 1917?

A

That kornilov planned a coup d’etat against the Prov gov

44
Q

What did kornilov do 24th august 1917?

A

He ordered russian troops into Petrograd to forestall a potential left-wing radical plot

45
Q

How did Prime minister kerensky react to Kornilovs actions?

A

He had Kornilov arrested fearing a military attack

Kerensky armed groups of workers in the capital including many bolsheviks. He also released many bolshevik prisoners

46
Q

When did the bolsheviks seize power?

A

25th october 1917

47
Q

What was the signal for the attack on the winter palace?

A

The firing of blank shells from the cruiser aurora docked in river neva opposite the palace

48
Q

Who was defending the winter palace?

A

Some junior officer cadets and a women’s battalion

49
Q

After the kornilov affair how had bolshevik membership increased?

A

They had 200,000 members and 41 different newspapers

They also had 10,000 red guards- an elite bolshevik army

50
Q

What was proposed on the 9th august 1917?

A

A timetable for national elections to a constituent assembly

51
Q

When would the national assembly elections take place? Why was this a problem for lenin and the bolsheviks?

A

12th November

-Lenin knew the social revolutionaries would win the most votes

52
Q

Who planned the bolshevik takeover?

A

Leon trotsky

53
Q

What did the petrograd soviet attempt to do on the 24th october?

A

Close down 2 bolshevik newspapers

54
Q

Who occupied key areas of petrograd on 24th October?

A

The military revolutionary committee and Red guards

55
Q

What did the red guard do on the morning of the 25th october?

A

Disperse the Russian parliament

56
Q

Which parties made up the all-russian soviet?

A

Bolsheviks-390 seats
Mensheviks- 80 seats
Socialist revolutionaries- 180 seats

57
Q

When did Lenin announce the Prov Gov had been overthrown?

A

25th october, at the Smolny institute

58
Q

What happened on the 28th-30th october?

A

28th- cossack troops loyal to kerensky advanced on petrograd
29th- officer cadets loyal to Prov Gov attempted an uprising within the city but it was put down by red guards
30th- a large, disorganised force of Red guards defeated a cossack attack at pulkovo heights
Lenin had complete power

Russia in revolution (4 decks)

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