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Russia in revolution > Russia in Revolution 1906-1917 > Flashcards

Russia in Revolution 1906-1917 Flashcards

0
Q

What did government forces do in November 1905?

A

They closed the st Petersburg soviet and the All-Russian Union of peasants

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1
Q

Who was the Tsars cheif minister from 1906-1911?

A

Peter stolypin

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2
Q

When did stolypin become chairman of the council of ministers?

A

July 1906

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3
Q

Between october1906 and may 1997, how many death sentences were handed out by stolypin?

A

1144 death sentences

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4
Q

How did stolypin attack the bases of revolutionary activity between 1906 and 1912?

A

A thousand newspapers closed

600 trade unions closed

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5
Q

How many people did stolypin’s courts convict?

A

1908-1909 16,500 in total:
3600 sentences to death
4500 sentenced to hard labour

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6
Q

What did the law of 9 November 1906 do?

A

It freed peasants from the control of the commune

-no longer needed a majority permission to leave the commune

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7
Q

What did stolypin instruct land banks to do on the 15 November?

A

Peasant land bank instructed to give loans to peasants who wanted to leave the commune

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8
Q

As of January 1st 1907 what happened?

A

Redemption payments were abolished

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9
Q

What reform did stolypin introduce in June 1910?

A

Dissolved all communes that hadn’t had a redistribution of land since the emancipation of the serfs

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10
Q

What did stolypin encourage peasants to do and hat incentives did he use?

A

He encouraged them to mve to the undeveloped agricultural areas of Siberia
-he used cheap land funded by gov loans as incentive

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11
Q

What happened to land ownership and agricultural production under stolypin’s reforms?

A

Land ownership: 1905=20% to 1915=50%

Agricultural production: 1906=45.9 million tonnes to 1913=61.7 million tonnes

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12
Q

When did stolypin die and how?

A

He was assassinated in 1911

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13
Q

What happens at he Lena goldfield massacre of 1912?

A

In Siberia strikers were killed by the police in response to industrial unrest

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14
Q

What was called in Moscow in 1914?

A

A general strike

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15
Q

When was the first Duma?

A

April-June 1906

“The Duma of public anger”

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16
Q

When was the second Duma?

A

February-June 1907

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17
Q

When was the third Duma?

A

November 1907-June 1912

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18
Q

When was the fourth Duma?

A

November 1912-august 1914

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19
Q

What happened at the elections for the first Duma?

A

The SRs and bolsheviks boycotted them

Trudoviks=largest group elected

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20
Q

How many days did the first Duma last? Who ended it?

A

72 days

The tsar dissolved the Duma

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21
Q

How many resolutions did the first Duma actually pass?

A

2

  • one against capitalist punishment
  • one for famine relief
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22
Q

What was the vyborg manifesto?

A

A manifesto written by a group of Duma deputies asking the Russian people to resist the tsar’s action through non-payment of taxes

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23
Q

How did the vyborg manifesto backfire?

A

The 200 deputies who made the manifesto were banned from standing for the next Duma

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24
Q

How was the election franchise changed for the 3rd and 4th Duma?

A

Restricted to the wealthy (richest 30% of male pop)

Pro-gov parties gained 287/443 seats

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25
Q

What successes did the 3rd and 4th Dumas have?

A

The land captains (introduced in 1892) were replaced by justices of the peace

Gov planned to introduce universal primary education with 10yrs

Health and accident insurance programmes for industrial workers

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26
Q

What stopped the Russian advance in the beginning of September during WW1?

A

The battle of tannenburg

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27
Q

What was the outcome of the battle of tannenburg?

A

30000 troops killed/wounded
95000 captured
Only 10000 manages to escape
Germans captured 500 guns

28
Q

What battle took place in December 1914?

A

The battle of lodz

29
Q

What did tsar Nicholas do in September 1915?

A

He dismissed his uncle as commander-in-chief and took the position himself, after the loss of Poland

30
Q

How long was the brusilov offensive?

A

June to august 1916

31
Q

What problems were facing he russian army by christmas 1916?

A

Major shortage of war materials

Fall in morale

32
Q

Why did the brusilov offensive fail?

A

Poor leadership from Nicholas II

Poor internal communications, particularly with railways

33
Q

How many artillery shells was Russia producing in September 1916?

A

4.5 million

34
Q

By the end of 1915, how many shells were some artillery units limited to in ww1?

A

Just 3 shells a day

35
Q

By christmas 1916, how many soldiers were:
Dead?
Wounded?
Taken prisoner?

A
  1. 6 million dead
  2. 9 million wounded
  3. 4 million taken prisoner
36
Q

How many men were mobilised for the Russian army in 1914?

-what %of the population was this?

A
  1. 3 million

- 9% of the population

37
Q

By christmas 1916, how many men had experienced military service?

A

15.3 million

38
Q

How did the national budget increase 1913-1916?

A

It rose eightfold

39
Q

By how much did prices rise between 1914 and 1916 due to inflation?

A

200%

40
Q

How many wagons of grain per month was Moscow receiving by christmas 1916?
-how many did they get in 1914?

A

Only 300 a month

-2200 wagons in 1914

41
Q

How did the Russian government fund the First World War?

A

Higher taxes
Loans and borrowing from Britain and France
Printing more money

42
Q

How did the union of zemstva contribute to the war effort?

A

They provided medical facilities for the army

43
Q

How did the congress of representatives of industry and trade contribute to the war effort?

A

They helped coordinate war production

44
Q

What did Octobrists Guchkov create in July 1915?

-what did this do?

A

A central war industries committee

-helped stimulate the production of weapons and ammunition

45
Q

What was ZEMGOR?

-when was it formed?

A

The all-Russian Union of zemstva and cities which aided the care of war casualties
-created June 1915

46
Q

What was the progressive group?

-how many Duma deputies were a part of it?

A

A centre of potential opposition against the Russian government, consisting mainly of kadets, Octobrists and progressivists
-236/422 Duma deputies

47
Q

What did the progressive bloc demand?

-how did the tsar’s government react?

A

They called for a government of public confidence-minsters became responsible for Duma
-Tsar just ignored demands, when tsar went to the front in sept 1915 Nicholas II dismissed some of them

48
Q

How did the government become unstable between sept 1915 and dec 1916?

A

There were constant ministerial changes, influenced by Rasputin

49
Q

What happened to Rasputin in dec 1916?

A

He was murdered by Russian Noblemen

50
Q

Why did the government become more unpopular during ww1?

A
  • tsarina saw war effort groups as untrustworthy, ignored them
  • trashing was German = rumours of potential German plot
  • tsar was a poor military commander
51
Q

What was the name of St Petersburg changed to in 1914?

-why?

A

Petrograd

-petrograd was more patriotic to Russia

52
Q

How many workers strikes on 9th January 1917?

-what were they commemorating?

A

140,000

-it was the anniversary of Bloody Sunday

53
Q

How many workers went on strike on 14th feb 1917?

-why?

A

100,000

-protesting food shortages

54
Q

What did the government announce on 19th February 1917?

A

Bread rationing would start on march 1st

55
Q

How many people in total went on strike on 23rd February 1917?
-why were there so many protestors?

A

Over 100,00

-international women’s day demonstrations joined a major strike at the putilov engineering works

56
Q

How many protestors were there by 25th February 1917?

A

200,000

57
Q

What did the government do in response to the demonstrators on the 25th February 1917?

A

Police arrested members of the workers’ group (set up by petrograd workers to organise strikes)

All newspapers shut down

Public transport stopped

58
Q

What did Cossack troops refuse to do on 25th February 1917?

A

Fire on demonstrators

Although the next day they did fire, killing 40

59
Q

On the 26th February, which military/army group refused to carry out orders?

A

The elite pavlovsky life guards

60
Q

On the 27th February 1917, which regiment mutinied?

A

The volinsky regiment

61
Q

What did the government do to the Duma?

-how did the Duma react?

A

They dissolved the Duma

-the Duma formed a 12-man committee to run the country (the Prov gov)

62
Q

On 28th February 1917, what did the tsar offer the Duma?

-what did the Duma say?

A

Offered to share power

-the state Duma refused

63
Q

What did the workers’ soviets do on 1st march 1917?

A

Joined forces to make the petrograd soviet

64
Q

What did the petrograd soviet issue on the 1st march?

A

Order number 1=demanded all officers in the army be elected by their men

65
Q

On the 2nd march 1917, where did the Tsar’s train stop? How far was he from Petrograd?

A

At Pskov, 250km from petrograd

66
Q

What was the Tsar forced to do on the 2nd march 1917?

A

Abdicate from the throne

67
Q

What did grand duke Michael do on the 3rd march 1917?

A

Refused the tsars’ offer of the throne

68
Q

Who became the new prime minister of the provisional government in 1917?

A

Prince Lvov

Russia in revolution (4 decks)

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