Russia before 1914 Flashcards
Why was Russia difficult to govern?
Because of its vast size, poor communication, number of national groups and Russification
Why did size make it hard to govern Russia?
Russia crossed over 2 continents, covered 1/6 of the world’s land mass, large parts were uninhabitable and the northern part was frozen. It would be hard to enforce instructions and monitor if people were following these instructions
Why did communication make it difficult to govern Russia?
Communication was poor- roads weren’t suitable in winter and railway travel could take a long time. This would make it difficult for Nicholas to inform people of the way he wanted Russia to operate
Why did national groups make it difficult to govern Russia?
There was a huge diversity of culture, religions and languages- Russians made up only 50% of the population.
Why did Russification make it difficult to govern Russia?
Many national minorities hated Russian control- there was a policy where non Russians had to speak Russia, wear Russian clothes and adopt customs. Native Russians also usually got the better jobs. This created tensions and increased the chance of future conflicts.
What was the breakdown of Russia by class like?
77% were peasants 1% nobility 0.5% clergy 10.7% urbanites 2.3% Cossacks 0.5% merchants 8% other
What class did not exist in Russian society?
Middle class
How much land did the nobility own?
25%
Where did the nobility live?
Moscow and Petrograd
What was the life of a peasant like?
Most were poor and illiterate who lived in debt. There was often widespread hunger e.g. in 1891 where 400.000 died of starvation
What was agriculture like in Russia?
Methods were outdated and ineffective, there was not enough land, Serfs existed, peasants felt betrayed as they thought they should own their own land
What was the view of urban workers?
Mainly young men, had good literacy, low wages poor working conditions e.g. lots of accidents, bad living conditions
Role of Merchants?
Good lifestyle, nice houses, food and cultural life. Played a significant part in the government
What was the industry of Russia like in 1914?
By 1914 Russia was the 4th largest producer of coal, oil and gas. As a result of late developments Russia used modern methods such as mass productions. 2/5 of workers were working in a factory with over 1000 workers.
What was the influence of the Orthodox church?
They supported how Nicholas ruled as they believed in divine right.
