Russia autocracy in 1855 Flashcards

1
Q

In 1855 how many conscripted serfs were in the Army

A

1.5 million

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2
Q

In 1855 what % of the governments annual spending was only army and navy

A

45%

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3
Q

What was the Imperial Council

A

35-60 nobles to provide advice

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4
Q

What were council ministers

A

8 to 14 minsters in charge of different gov departments.

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5
Q

What was the table of ranks

A

14 levels - rank 1 - members of the council of ministers 14- minor state positions such as collecting taxes

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6
Q

Who was the Over procurator of the Holy synod

A

gov minister appointed by Tsar to run church affairs.

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7
Q

Why was the dependence on serf-based economy inhibiting economic development

A

limiting factors that drive change - wage earners, markets, and entrepreneurs
money was irrelevant

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8
Q

What were the 2 types of serf

A

little over a half privately owned and the remainder were state serfs

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9
Q

Where did serfs work

A

on the land in village communes - mir

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10
Q

When was the Crimean War

A

1853-1856

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11
Q

It took Russia longer to …

A

get equipment to the front than it took France and Britain to send soldiers and materials from the channel ports.

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12
Q

How many muskets to soldiers

A

one to every two soldiers

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13
Q

When did Sebastopol fall?

A

Sep 1855

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14
Q

When was the Treaty of Paris

A

1856

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15
Q

How long were coscripted serfs forced to serve and live

A

25 years and live in a military colony

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16
Q

What are Cossacks?

A

Acted as a personal bodyguard to the Tsar and as police enforcements
Skills in horsemanship

17
Q

What are the Tsars’ imperial edicts

A

The law of the land

18
Q

Who were the civil servants

A

paid nobles chosen from a table of ranks.

19
Q

To maintain autocracy what did Russia develop into

A

A police state

20
Q

What is a police state

A

When a government uses the police to control everyone’s lives

21
Q

In 1855 what was the secret police known as

A

the third section

22
Q

What powers did the third section have

A

unlimited powers to carry out raids, arrest, and imprisonment.

23
Q

Who was head of Orthodox church

A

The Tsar- regarded as embodiment of God on Earth

24
Q

What was the Patriarch of Moscow

A

worked closely with the Tsar and provided spiritual guidance

25
Ratio of village to town dwellers in both Russia and Britain in 1855
11:1 compared to 2:1 in Britain
26
What put a strain on Russia's economic development
The size and climate of the country
27
Lack of progress was mainly due to ...
dependence on serf-based economy
28
What was the main direct tax in russia 1855
The Poll tax
29
Who provided 90% of Imperial finance
peasantry, urban workers and tradesmen
30
Social - what was there an absence of
any coherent middle class
31
Who were urban artisans
possess some skills such a s being a cobbler.
32
Serfs- What did cottage industries do
provided a little extra cash for taxes and special purchases
33
What was there Little incentive/ opportunity for serfs to develop into
wage earners
34
What were serfs classified as
property rather than citizens of the state- Could be sold and brought, beaten,
35
3 reasons why Russia suffered during the crimean war
Poor transport, outdated technology, inadequate leadership
36
What weapon was used in Crimea
Inferior muskets
37
What did the Crimean War reveal -
Russia's military and administrate inadequacies
38
Problem with the treaty of paris
humiliating and prevented Russian warships from using the Black Sea in times of peace.