Russia autocracy in 1855 Flashcards
In 1855 how many conscripted serfs were in the Army
1.5 million
In 1855 what % of the governments annual spending was only army and navy
45%
What was the Imperial Council
35-60 nobles to provide advice
What were council ministers
8 to 14 minsters in charge of different gov departments.
What was the table of ranks
14 levels - rank 1 - members of the council of ministers 14- minor state positions such as collecting taxes
Who was the Over procurator of the Holy synod
gov minister appointed by Tsar to run church affairs.
Why was the dependence on serf-based economy inhibiting economic development
limiting factors that drive change - wage earners, markets, and entrepreneurs
money was irrelevant
What were the 2 types of serf
little over a half privately owned and the remainder were state serfs
Where did serfs work
on the land in village communes - mir
When was the Crimean War
1853-1856
It took Russia longer to …
get equipment to the front than it took France and Britain to send soldiers and materials from the channel ports.
How many muskets to soldiers
one to every two soldiers
When did Sebastopol fall?
Sep 1855
When was the Treaty of Paris
1856
How long were coscripted serfs forced to serve and live
25 years and live in a military colony
What are Cossacks?
Acted as a personal bodyguard to the Tsar and as police enforcements
Skills in horsemanship
What are the Tsars’ imperial edicts
The law of the land
Who were the civil servants
paid nobles chosen from a table of ranks.
To maintain autocracy what did Russia develop into
A police state
What is a police state
When a government uses the police to control everyone’s lives
In 1855 what was the secret police known as
the third section
What powers did the third section have
unlimited powers to carry out raids, arrest, and imprisonment.
Who was head of Orthodox church
The Tsar- regarded as embodiment of God on Earth
What was the Patriarch of Moscow
worked closely with the Tsar and provided spiritual guidance
Ratio of village to town dwellers in both Russia and Britain in 1855
11:1 compared to 2:1 in Britain
What put a strain on Russia’s economic development
The size and climate of the country
Lack of progress was mainly due to …
dependence on serf-based economy
What was the main direct tax in russia 1855
The Poll tax
Who provided 90% of Imperial finance
peasantry, urban workers and tradesmen
Social - what was there an absence of
any coherent middle class
Who were urban artisans
possess some skills such a s being a cobbler.
Serfs- What did cottage industries do
provided a little extra cash for taxes and special purchases
What was there Little incentive/ opportunity for serfs to develop into
wage earners
What were serfs classified as
property rather than citizens of the state- Could be sold and brought, beaten,
3 reasons why Russia suffered during the crimean war
Poor transport, outdated technology, inadequate leadership
What weapon was used in Crimea
Inferior muskets
What did the Crimean War reveal -
Russia’s military and administrate inadequacies
Problem with the treaty of paris
humiliating and prevented Russian warships from using the Black Sea in times of peace.
