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Russia Flashcards

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1
Q

How many prisoners by 1960

A

11000

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2
Q

Zemstva introduced

A

1864

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3
Q

When was split bolsheviks and Mensheviks

A

1903

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4
Q

Stalins economic regime?

A

Command economy 5 year plans

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5
Q

1936 constitution what was the article

A

Article 126

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6
Q

Membership from 1921 to 1928

A

73000 to 1000000

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7
Q

Parties legal till?

A

1921

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8
Q

Limitations of Dumas

A

1st duma executed by stolypin

3rd duma stolypin enforces article 87 for autocracy

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9
Q

What decrees did Lenin bring in 1917

A

Workers and land and peace

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10
Q

Order Soviet’s did to take army

A

Order no.1

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11
Q

Justices of peace?

A

1881

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12
Q

Judiciary reform

A

1921 terror

1864 jury

1917 revolutionary justice

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13
Q

What was third element

A

Growing want for national g

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14
Q

Facts about nkvd

A

Killed 30000

40 million gulags

Yagoda

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15
Q

What was police force in charge of grain requisitioning

A

Cheka

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16
Q

Police under a 3 and n 2

A

Okhrana

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17
Q

Army facts

A

150000 joined Mrc

Purged 40% leaders

K 3.6 to 2.4

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18
Q

Worker riots

A

1885 8000

1917 150000 worker riot

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19
Q

How many peasant revolts after edict

A

647

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20
Q

Who killed a2

A

Peoples will

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21
Q

How long working day for workers

A

1897: 11.5 hours — 1964: 7 hours

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22
Q

What war grew intellgensia and how

A

Russo-Turkish as angered their loss in conference in Europe as they lost land

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23
Q

Who were removed by Stalin in 1928

A

Trotsky kamenev and zinoviev

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24
Q

Peasant riot during k term

A

1962 riot over food shortages

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25
Q

How did a2 deal with opposition

A

Trial of the 50, long term for populists

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26
Q

Describe how zemstva introduction led to populist movement

A

Failed 1874 to gain support

Split into people’s will

400 members eventually killed him

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27
Q

Name a movement of opposition against a2

A

Land and liberty 1876

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28
Q

Name a 2 reforms

A

Edict 1961

Milyutins reforms on military reduced to 15 years service, could be conscripted if over 20

Unis could govern themselves

1865 censorship reforms

Secondary education expanded

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29
Q

How did a2 uphold autocracy

A

Tolstoy 1871 reduced zemstva on education

Replaced personal chancellery of his imperial majesty with council of ministers 1861, give impression lessened grip

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30
Q

What negative effects did a2 have on peasants

A

647 revolts

1866 state controlled freed

75% peasants got 4 dessyatina, 5 needed for life

Redemption payments 49 years

Poor land

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31
Q

Positive effects a 2 had on peasants

A

1905 nobility land down 40%

Free from serfdom

Got land

Could marry start business

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32
Q

Examples how minorities not neglected by a2

A

1863 diet of Finland gave them government

Commission for supremacist activity 1876

Polish rebellion start of Russification

Lot of factors in 1863 polish revolt

Some Jews were allowed out of pale settlement

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33
Q

How were minorities neglected by a2

A

Let polish revolt build up

Gave liberal policy on Baltic Germans , Estonian Jakobson campaigned

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34
Q

A 2 industrialisation info

A

Reutern 2000-14000 by 1878

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35
Q

A 3 industry

A

Medeliev tariff 1891

Bunge poll tax 1886 and salt tax 1881

Peasant land bank 1883

36
Q

N2 industry

A

1893 42 mil , 1897 161 mil income

Rail x2 by 1901

Coal x2

Iron x7

Tax up

Output up 7%

Still 10% of B GNP

37
Q

Lenin industry

A

War communism, state capitalism, militarisation, grain requisitioning, 30000 industries nationalised

Nep, trade, own businesses

1917 supreme economic council

1917 decree on land, private

1918 decree on workers control, run factories

38
Q

Stalin industry

A

No trade

5 year plans l, gosplan, unrealistic targets, successful plan 1947

39
Q

Khrushchev industry

A

77 per 1000 had washing machines

Focus on light industry

7 year plan 1959 success

40
Q

A 3 agricultural reforms

A

Land captains enforced 1881

Medeliev tariff led to 1891 famine killed 350000

by 1900 80% peasants relied on agriculture

41
Q

N 2 agricultural

A

Stolypin reform, unused land to land bank 1906

No attention

42
Q

Lenin agriculture

A

Decree on land 1917

Grain requisitioning

Blamed kulaks

43
Q

Stalin agriculture

A

Peasants fought back Bryansk oblast

Socialism

1941 98% peasants

Collectivisation, Stalin lied by saying 58% in collectives 1930

Dekulakisation, 30000 shot, 1928-30 1-3 mil kulaks deported

44
Q

Khrushchev agriculture

A

Virgin land schemes, 5/6 land unusable, 1950 96 mil to 1964 165 mil

Increased electricity

45
Q

Who much or Russia population in towns

A

15%

46
Q

1914 how many towns had access to electricity and water

A

200 towns for water and 74 for electricity

47
Q

Living space

A
  1. 5 in 1905

5. 8 in 1935

48
Q

How did stalins housing deteriorate in Moscow

A

Mid 1930s 25% living in shared households

49
Q

How did krushchev change urban housing

A

Abandoned communal living

1955-1964 houses doubled

Housing cooperatives, although professionals could afford the deposit 15-30% of asking price

50
Q

How did communists change rural housing

A

Stalin constructed special housing blocks

Khrushchev self contained Agro towns

51
Q

What did Lenin introduce for workers

A

1920 rabkrin the workers and peasants inspectorate

52
Q

How did communists threaten workers

A

Threats of purges

Fines 10% of their wages

53
Q

Wages throughout the period

A

1903 workers insurance scheme

Communist bonus schemes for extra money to workers exceeded

1932 real wages fell by 50%

Took till 1954 to reach levels of 1920s

54
Q

How did tsars treat religion

A

Pobedonostsev tightened senior clergy few dissented

Father John of Kronstadt supported autocracy

55
Q

Communists on religion

A

Decree on the separation of the church from the state and school from the church

During civil war closed

Promoted atheist groups like League of the militant goddess 1925

1938 16 churches compared to 224 in 1930

Clergy reduced by 60%

1961 22nd all soviet congress moral code

56
Q

How were non-orthodox religions treated

A

Most leaders encouraged orthodox

1883 old believers can preach in their own home no where else

Reinstated 1910

Had to go underground during communists

57
Q

Secondary school change

A

A2 doubled attendance 1855- 1865

A3 banned peasants, bolsheviks changed

K got rid of fees

Emphasis on vocational 1931: 2.5 mil to 6.9 mil

58
Q

Primary school change

A

1929 8 mil to 1930 18 mil

1864 major reform, board dominated by nobility, ran by zemstva

Before 1864 only rich

1877 ministry took over

1871 Tolstoy

59
Q

Structure to society under tsars

A

Nobility decline

1900s over 80% peasants relied on agriculture

Worker and peasant blurred

Rise of middle class

Nobility reduced by 90% due to peasant purchases

60
Q

Universities change

A

1861 students from st Petersburg uni

Moscow uni, under stolypin all non academic meetings banned, no poor

1863 statute gave unis autonomy

A3 brought an appointment system

A3 16500 students

61
Q

Reasons for famine

A

Monoculture

Weather

Policies

Mir

62
Q

Why was the provisional g a success

A

Promised elections to assembly

Bolsheviks determined

Liberal members like milyukov and guchkov

63
Q

Reasons why PG doomed to fail

A

Lacked legitimacy

soviet large support

Peasant land problem

Allowed freedom of speech

Poor decisions

Delayed elections

64
Q

How many bolsheviks newspapers in 1917

A

66

65
Q

Kornilov affair

A

Kerensky weak

Showed pg was weak

Bolshevik heroes

66
Q

Who was progressive bloc

A

1915 2/3 of Duma

67
Q

N2 less press

A

Kopek paper 25000 in circulation 1894

68
Q

A2 censorship

A

1865 reform allowed more publication

69
Q

P g reforms

A

Secret courts ended

Okhrana gone

Elections to assembly

70
Q

Economic impact of ww1

A

Inflation up 400%

Grain price up 100%

Coal 1913 29 mil to 1920 13 mil

Spent 3 billion roubles

71
Q

Opposition from nationalities to p g

A

Rada in Ukraine pressed for autonomy

Sejm in Finland free from r g

P g slow for assembly

72
Q

Against the fact p g faced opposition from minorities

A

Self rule in transcaucasus led to special transcaucasus committee

73
Q

What was Crimea treaty

A

Treaty of Paris, r lost principalities

74
Q

Russo Turkish treaty

A

Treaty of san Stefano 1879

Led to conference

Austria got Herzegovina and Bosnia

Angered intelligentsia

75
Q

Russo Japanese treaty

A

Treaty of Portsmouth 1905

Admit J had presence in Korea

Leave port Arthur

Demanded reform

Poor communication

76
Q

Crimea economic impact

A

2 mil roubles on track by reutern

Lost Bessarabia land

Restricted from Black Sea

77
Q

Structure of gov Russian civil war

A

Sub committees after split in party

Nep for stability

78
Q

Ww2 effects

A

5 mil prisoners

27 mil deaths

25 mil homeless

Membership 1941 3.76 to 1945 5.8

Sphere of influence

Land from Poland

Famine 1947

5 year plan after war effect

79
Q

Effects of Cold War

A

Unrest Hungary 1856

De stalinisation

Test ban treaty 1963 USA and Russia

Mao

Anti party group

80
Q

What proves k was arrogant

A

Cult of personality by banging shoe on table

81
Q

K military cuts

A

3.6 to 2.4

82
Q

How many people died from riots over virgin lands

A

24

83
Q

Success for k economic and social

A

Earnings up 3%

77 per 1000 washing machines

Only poor weather 1963

Over 100 regional economic councils

84
Q

What treaty with west was successful for k with west

A

Austrian state treaty 1955

85
Q

When was Berlin Wall constructed and what were the impacts

A

1961

Quick to move to repression when policies failed

Prevented West from taking Berlin

86
Q

K failed minorities

A

Resolved Tito and Yugoslavia by appeasement encouraged Eastern European states to follow led to final collapse 1991

1960s mao denounced k

Hungary 1956

Berlin Wall

87
Q

K succeeded minorities

A

Declined 1958 to give Soviet Union military support

Support from states over Hungary so propaganda win

Berlin Wall

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