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1
Q

Who were the autocracy?

A
  • 1.5% of the population

- owned 25% of the land

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2
Q

Who were the middle classes?

A

Landowners, Industrialists, Bankers, Traders, Business men, Shopkeepers, Lawyers, University lecturers.

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3
Q

Who were the opposition to the tsar?

A

Cadets, Social Revolutionaries, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks

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4
Q

What happened on Bloody Sunday?

A

200,000 people led by father Gapon came to Winter palace to give a petition to the Tsar, the Tsar wasn’t at the palace, the soldiers opened fire and the Cosaks charged without warning

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5
Q

What did the petition given to the Tsar include when 200,000 people went to find the Tsar?

A

Minimum wage of one rouble a day
Reduce the working day to 8 hours
Wanted to be freed of being slaves

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6
Q

How did Russia change after Bloody Sunday

A
  • October manifesto gave:
    Duma
    Free speech
    Political parties
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7
Q

Who were the peasants?

A
  • kulaks
  • no basic education
  • 80% of the population
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8
Q

What is a kulak

A

Prosperous peasant farmer

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9
Q

Who were the bourgeois

A

The managers who make all the profit in Marxism

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10
Q

Who are the proletariat

A

The workers

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11
Q

What does Marx want

A

The proletariat to overthrow the beorgeois

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12
Q

How did the tsar survive the 1905 revolution

A

October manifesto

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13
Q

What did the October manifesto include

A

Duma - elected parliament

= free speech and political parties

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14
Q

What happened in November 1905

A

Financial help for peasants

Bought army back from japan - crushed revolt

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15
Q

How many people did stolypin exile and hang

A

Exciled - 20,000 protestors
Hung - 1,000
= no more opposition in countryside until 1914

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16
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1905

A

13,995 strikes

2,863,173 strikers

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17
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1906

A

6,114 strikes

1,108,406 strikers

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18
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1907

A

3,573 strikes

740,074 strikers

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19
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1908

A

892 strikes

176,101 strikers

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20
Q

How did the 1st WW affect the army

A
  • Fought bravely - stood little chance
  • Badly treated & led by offices
  • Short of riffles, ammo, artillery and shells
  • Tsar took control in Sep 1915 - wasn’t very good
  • Defeats continued in 1916-17 - many soldiers now supporting Bolsheviks
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21
Q

How did the war affect peasants

A
  • Huge casualties - Aug 1916 - 13% of one village killed by war
  • Left many needing state pensions - didn’t always receive
  • Food production remain high until 1916 - gov. couldn’t always pay
  • Gov. planned to take food by using soldiers - didn’t go through
  • Revolt in Central Asian Russia - brutally compressed by army
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22
Q

How did the war affect the middle classes

A
  • Angry with tsar by 1916
  • Set up medical organisations to help war casualties - far more affective than government agencies
  • 1916 - industrialists can’t fulfil war contracts - lack of material
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23
Q

How did the war affect the aristocracy

A
  • Late 1916 - Nobility calling for Tsar to step down
  • Junior officers suffered in war - many = future of aristocrat class
  • 13 million peasants threatened their livelihoods
  • Appalled by influence of Rasputin
  • Ministers moved and replaced by Rasputin - group of aristocrats killed him
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24
Q

What happened in January 1917

A

Strikes broke out all over the country

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25
What happened in February 1917
Strikes joined by troops | More in common with strikers than officers
26
What happened on March 7th - 15th 1917
From 7th to 10th it rose to 250,000 strikes 12th - Tsar ordered army to crush revolt - they refused 15th - Tsar abdicated Russia had finished with tsars
27
How did the mutiny in the army help to bring down the tsar
Army joined revolution instead of crushing it (1905)
28
How did formation of soviets help to bring down the tsar
Showed the tsar had no interest in the peasants
29
How did the tsarina and Rasputin help to bring down the tsar
Rumours they were lovers - affected tsars concentration | Could've made peace with Germany
30
How did food shortages help to bring down the tsar
Made people go on strike as money didn't buy as much as it used to
31
How did Duma setting up an alternative government help to bring down the tsar
Proved the tsar didn't keep promises with the people
32
How did discontent in the countryside help to bring down the tsar
Murdered ministers | No food for them or army
33
How did failures in war help to bring down the tsar
Lost faith in the tsar
34
Why were the Bolsheviks popular
They were offering 'peace, land and bread' and 'all power to soviets' This increased support and the army were getting behind them
35
Who was leader of the Bolsheviks
Lenin
36
What had happened by October 1917
Kerensky's government was doomed and asked the Bolsheviks for help making them look weak
37
What is sovnarkom?
Council of people's commissars
38
When did Russia ask Germany for peace
8/11/1917
39
What did the treaty of Breast litovsk mean Russia lost
``` 54% of industry 34% of its population 26% of its railways 89% of its colonies 32% of its agricultural land 300,000 gold roubles ```
40
When were the tsar and his family killed
July 1918
41
When were the white forces all but destroyed?
End of 1919
42
When were the white forces finally destroyed
November 1920
43
When did the Bolsheviks take control of Russia
1921
44
Who were in the white army
``` Socialist revolutionaries Mensheviks Supporters of the tsar Landlords and capitalists The Czeck legion ```
45
Why was war communism introduced
Make it a reality economically in Russia | To supply red army with food and weapons
46
Why didn't people like war communism
If you disobeyed you were shot | Peasants killed their own life stock and burned farms in order not to give to the government
47
How many people died in the Russia civil war
500,000
48
What did war communism lead to
7 million deaths and reports of cannibalism
49
When did the Kromsadt mutiny happen
March 1921 Lenin sent 50,000 troops, 10,000 killed but revolt was crushed 2000 soldiers excited without trail
50
When was NEP introduced
March 1921 Lazy peasants got less money and hardworking got more, gave an incentive to work
51
What were the effects of the NEP
Production rose Free enterprise became legal People were uplifted
52
When did Lenin die
January 1924
53
Who did Lenin beat to become leader of the Bolsheviks
Zimonev Kaminev Bukharin Trotsky
54
When did Stalin become leader
1929
55
Stalins strengths
Very clever Very ruthless His policies of socialism were better then Trotskys of worldwide revolution
56
How much has Stalin improved in coal and oil by 1937
Coal from 35.4 million tonnes (1928) to 128 million tonnes (1937) Oil from 11.7 million tonnes to 28.5 million tonnes
57
What were the positives of the five year plans
Industry higher than ever Production rose by 5 to 6 times as much (1937) women = 40% of industrial workforce (28% in 1927)
58
Negatives of the five year plans
Very harsh discipline and punishment | Big engineering projects = fatal
59
Why was collectivisation introduced
To drive industry and feed workforce
60
What was collectivisation
The merging of several farms into one

History (3 decks)

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