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Russia Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the autocracy?

A
  • 1.5% of the population

- owned 25% of the land

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2
Q

Who were the middle classes?

A

Landowners, Industrialists, Bankers, Traders, Business men, Shopkeepers, Lawyers, University lecturers.

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3
Q

Who were the opposition to the tsar?

A

Cadets, Social Revolutionaries, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks

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4
Q

What happened on Bloody Sunday?

A

200,000 people led by father Gapon came to Winter palace to give a petition to the Tsar, the Tsar wasn’t at the palace, the soldiers opened fire and the Cosaks charged without warning

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5
Q

What did the petition given to the Tsar include when 200,000 people went to find the Tsar?

A

Minimum wage of one rouble a day
Reduce the working day to 8 hours
Wanted to be freed of being slaves

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6
Q

How did Russia change after Bloody Sunday

A
  • October manifesto gave:
    Duma
    Free speech
    Political parties
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7
Q

Who were the peasants?

A
  • kulaks
  • no basic education
  • 80% of the population
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8
Q

What is a kulak

A

Prosperous peasant farmer

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9
Q

Who were the bourgeois

A

The managers who make all the profit in Marxism

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10
Q

Who are the proletariat

A

The workers

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11
Q

What does Marx want

A

The proletariat to overthrow the beorgeois

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12
Q

How did the tsar survive the 1905 revolution

A

October manifesto

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13
Q

What did the October manifesto include

A

Duma - elected parliament

= free speech and political parties

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14
Q

What happened in November 1905

A

Financial help for peasants

Bought army back from japan - crushed revolt

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15
Q

How many people did stolypin exile and hang

A

Exciled - 20,000 protestors
Hung - 1,000
= no more opposition in countryside until 1914

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16
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1905

A

13,995 strikes

2,863,173 strikers

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17
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1906

A

6,114 strikes

1,108,406 strikers

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18
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1907

A

3,573 strikes

740,074 strikers

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19
Q

How many strikes and stickers were there in 1908

A

892 strikes

176,101 strikers

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20
Q

How did the 1st WW affect the army

A
  • Fought bravely - stood little chance
  • Badly treated & led by offices
  • Short of riffles, ammo, artillery and shells
  • Tsar took control in Sep 1915 - wasn’t very good
  • Defeats continued in 1916-17 - many soldiers now supporting Bolsheviks
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21
Q

How did the war affect peasants

A
  • Huge casualties - Aug 1916 - 13% of one village killed by war
  • Left many needing state pensions - didn’t always receive
  • Food production remain high until 1916 - gov. couldn’t always pay
  • Gov. planned to take food by using soldiers - didn’t go through
  • Revolt in Central Asian Russia - brutally compressed by army
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22
Q

How did the war affect the middle classes

A
  • Angry with tsar by 1916
  • Set up medical organisations to help war casualties - far more affective than government agencies
  • 1916 - industrialists can’t fulfil war contracts - lack of material
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23
Q

How did the war affect the aristocracy

A
  • Late 1916 - Nobility calling for Tsar to step down
  • Junior officers suffered in war - many = future of aristocrat class
  • 13 million peasants threatened their livelihoods
  • Appalled by influence of Rasputin
  • Ministers moved and replaced by Rasputin - group of aristocrats killed him
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24
Q

What happened in January 1917

A

Strikes broke out all over the country

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25
Q

What happened in February 1917

A

Strikes joined by troops

More in common with strikers than officers

26
Q

What happened on March 7th - 15th 1917

A

From 7th to 10th it rose to 250,000 strikes
12th - Tsar ordered army to crush revolt - they refused
15th - Tsar abdicated
Russia had finished with tsars

27
Q

How did the mutiny in the army help to bring down the tsar

A

Army joined revolution instead of crushing it (1905)

28
Q

How did formation of soviets help to bring down the tsar

A

Showed the tsar had no interest in the peasants

29
Q

How did the tsarina and Rasputin help to bring down the tsar

A

Rumours they were lovers - affected tsars concentration

Could’ve made peace with Germany

30
Q

How did food shortages help to bring down the tsar

A

Made people go on strike as money didn’t buy as much as it used to

31
Q

How did Duma setting up an alternative government help to bring down the tsar

A

Proved the tsar didn’t keep promises with the people

32
Q

How did discontent in the countryside help to bring down the tsar

A

Murdered ministers

No food for them or army

33
Q

How did failures in war help to bring down the tsar

A

Lost faith in the tsar

34
Q

Why were the Bolsheviks popular

A

They were offering ‘peace, land and bread’ and ‘all power to soviets’

This increased support and the army were getting behind them

35
Q

Who was leader of the Bolsheviks

A

Lenin

36
Q

What had happened by October 1917

A

Kerensky’s government was doomed and asked the Bolsheviks for help making them look weak

37
Q

What is sovnarkom?

A

Council of people’s commissars

38
Q

When did Russia ask Germany for peace

A

8/11/1917

39
Q

What did the treaty of Breast litovsk mean Russia lost

A 
54% of industry 
34% of its population 
26% of its railways 
89% of its colonies 
32% of its agricultural land
300,000 gold roubles
40
Q

When were the tsar and his family killed

A

July 1918

41
Q

When were the white forces all but destroyed?

A

End of 1919

42
Q

When were the white forces finally destroyed

A

November 1920

43
Q

When did the Bolsheviks take control of Russia

A

1921

44
Q

Who were in the white army

A 
Socialist revolutionaries 
Mensheviks
Supporters of the tsar 
Landlords and capitalists
The Czeck legion
45
Q

Why was war communism introduced

A

Make it a reality economically in Russia

To supply red army with food and weapons

46
Q

Why didn’t people like war communism

A

If you disobeyed you were shot

Peasants killed their own life stock and burned farms in order not to give to the government

47
Q

How many people died in the Russia civil war

A

500,000

48
Q

What did war communism lead to

A

7 million deaths and reports of cannibalism

49
Q

When did the Kromsadt mutiny happen

A

March 1921

Lenin sent 50,000 troops, 10,000 killed but revolt was crushed
2000 soldiers excited without trail

50
Q

When was NEP introduced

A

March 1921

Lazy peasants got less money and hardworking got more, gave an incentive to work

51
Q

What were the effects of the NEP

A

Production rose
Free enterprise became legal
People were uplifted

52
Q

When did Lenin die

A

January 1924

53
Q

Who did Lenin beat to become leader of the Bolsheviks

A

Zimonev
Kaminev
Bukharin
Trotsky

54
Q

When did Stalin become leader

A

1929

55
Q

Stalins strengths

A

Very clever
Very ruthless
His policies of socialism were better then Trotskys of worldwide revolution

56
Q

How much has Stalin improved in coal and oil by 1937

A

Coal from 35.4 million tonnes (1928) to 128 million tonnes (1937)

Oil from 11.7 million tonnes to 28.5 million tonnes

57
Q

What were the positives of the five year plans

A

Industry higher than ever
Production rose by 5 to 6 times as much
(1937) women =
40% of industrial workforce (28% in 1927)

58
Q

Negatives of the five year plans

A

Very harsh discipline and punishment

Big engineering projects = fatal

59
Q

Why was collectivisation introduced

A

To drive industry and feed workforce

60
Q

What was collectivisation

A

The merging of several farms into one

History (3 decks)

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