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History > Liberal Reforms > Flashcards

Liberal Reforms Flashcards

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1
Q

By 1905, how many private charities were operating in London?

A

700-800

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2
Q

Under the poor law, where were you sent if you were destitute?

A

The work house

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3
Q

How did people regard the work houses?

A

It was a shame and disgrace to be there

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4
Q

How did the Victorians view poverty?

A

As the poor’s own fault

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5
Q

Who set up the Salvation Army?

A

William and Catherine booth

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6
Q

By 1878, how many branches did the Salvation Army have?

A

45

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7
Q

what categories did the Salvation Army put the poor into

A

Those who live by crime
Those who live by vice
The starving and homeless, but honest poor

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8
Q

According to Charles booth, what percentage of Londoners were below the poverty line in 1903

A

31%

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9
Q

What was the criteria to be below the poverty line?

A 
The lowest class (class A)
Casual earnings (class B)
Occasional earnings (class C)
Low wages (class D)
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10
Q

What percentage of poor were hit by trade depressions, according to Charles Booth

A

8%

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11
Q

What percentage of poor included widows and deserted women?

A

11.25%

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12
Q

Where was Seebohm Rowntree from?

A

York

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13
Q

How much, according to Rowntree did a family of five need to live on per week

A

21s 8d

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14
Q

What is primary poverty?

A

Would never earn enough to provide adequate food, shelter and clothing

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15
Q

When was the Labour Party formed?

A

1900

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16
Q

How did the boer war contribute to the drive for social reforms

A

As many as 2/3 rejected as unfit

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17
Q

In 1906 general election, how many liberals were elected?

A

400

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18
Q

When was the free school meals scheme passed?

A

1906

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19
Q

When was the children’s act passed?

A

1908

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20
Q

When was the labour exchanges act passed

A

1909

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21
Q

When were school clinics set up?

A

1912

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22
Q

When was the NI act for unemployment?

A

1912

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23
Q

When was the NI act for illness?

A

1911

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24
Q

Under the children’s act, what special status was given to children

A

Protected persons

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25
Q

How old did you have to be to get into a pub, in the children’s act?

A

14

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26
Q

Who had to join the NI scheme for illness

A

All manual workers

People in low paid white collar jobs

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27
Q

How much was contributed to NI act for illness by the workers?

A

3d

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28
Q

Under the NI act for unemployment how much would a worker get?

A

7s 6d

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29
Q

Over how long would this last for

A

13 weeks

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30
Q

How many people qualified for old age pensions?

A

Around 500,000

31
Q

Who was chancellor when the budget for the reforms was passed

A

David Lloyd George

32
Q

When did DLG first try to pass the budget for the reforms?

A

1909

33
Q

Why did DLG fail

A

It taxed the rich and landowners and the House of Lords was full of land owners

34
Q

When did DLG finally pass it?

A

1910

35
Q

Why did he succeed this time?

A

The House of Lords agreed to the budget

36
Q

How many children did Dr. Bernado rescue

A

59,384

37
Q

How many better lives did this lead to (Dr.Bernado)

A

500,000

38
Q

Accepting relief meant what?

A

Being labeled a pauper, which brought great shame

You’d go to the workhouse

39
Q

In which year did queen Victoria die?

A

1901

40
Q

How many people were class A poor?

A

11,000 or 1.25% of the poor

41
Q

How many people were class B poor?

A

110,000 or 11.25% of poor

42
Q

How many people were class C poor?

A

75,000 or 8% of the poor

43
Q

How many people were class D poor

A

129,000 or 14.5% of the poor

44
Q

According to Seebohm Rowntree what percentage of the population of York were living in poverty

A

28%

45
Q

What two sections did Seebohm Rowntree put the poor into?

A

Primary and secondary poverty

46
Q

What percentage of the poor in York were in secondary and primary poverty?

A

10% of York = Primary poverty

18% of York = Secondary poverty

47
Q

Who were the ‘New Liberals’

A

David Lloyd George

Winston Churchill

48
Q

What did the ‘new liberals’ believe

A

The state should provide the framework within which everyone could live in security and freedom

49
Q

Who were the ‘new liberals’ inspired by

A

Seebohm Rowntree

Charles booth

50
Q

What progress had been made at the end of the 19th century

A

Local authorities had take responsibility for;
Providing clean piped water to houses
Connecting houses to sewage systems
Lighting the streets and cleaning them

51
Q

Who often ran the schemes

A

The liberals

52
Q

What did the liberal government do to help children?

A

Free school meals (1906)
School medical inspections (1907)
The children’s act (1908)
School clinics (1912)

53
Q

What did the liberal government do to help the sick and unemployed?

A

The labour exchanges act (1909)
The NI Act for illness (1911)
The NI Act for unemployment (1912)

54
Q

Hat did the liberal government do to help the elderly?

A

The pensions act (1908)

55
Q

When was the pensions act introduced?

A

1908

56
Q

What was Britain’s population around this time

A

45 million

57
Q

What were the two major liberal reforms?

A

Old age pensions and national insurance

58
Q

What was Seebohm Rowntree’s book called

A

Poverty: a study of town life

59
Q

What were the main reasons why The Liberal Government introduced measures to tackle poverty after 1906?

A

Influence of social reformers
Effect of Boer war and need to strengthen workforce
Challenge from the Labour Party
Influence of the ‘New Liberals’

60
Q

What were Charles booths books about

A

The labouring poor in London

61
Q

Who was among the 1000s of people who read and consulted these books?

A

MP Winston Churchill, who would soon be in a position to do something about it

62
Q

When did the British army begin fighting the boer settlers in South Africa

A

1899

63
Q

How many people failed the army medical exam?

A

1000s rejected due to being unfit

2/3 turned down because of failing the medical test

64
Q

Why were the economies and workforce of Germany and USA highly successful

A

The skills and hardworking in their workforces, which made Britain look week and something needed to be done

65
Q

What did it look as if the British army didn’t have?

A

The strength and stamina to compete

66
Q

What happened in 1900 politically?

A

All socialist groups in Britain came together to form the Labour Party

67
Q

What did the Labour Party pledge?

A

To get better living and working conditions for working people
Fairer distribution of the countries wealth

68
Q

What was the liberal party afraid of

A

Losing members and votes to labour

69
Q

What was David Lloyd George

A

Chancellor of the exchequer

70
Q

What was Winston Churchill when he was a young liberal

A

President of the bond of trade

71
Q

What were the new liberals impressed by

A

The understanding that the poor were rarely to blame for their own poverty

72
Q

What were the new liberals shocked by

A

Many people were so poor that they could do nothing to lift them selves out of poverty

73
Q

What did the schemes run by liberals do?

A

They raised the possibility of what could be done nationally

History (3 decks)

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