Liberal Reforms Flashcards
By 1905, how many private charities were operating in London?
700-800
Under the poor law, where were you sent if you were destitute?
The work house
How did people regard the work houses?
It was a shame and disgrace to be there
How did the Victorians view poverty?
As the poor’s own fault
Who set up the Salvation Army?
William and Catherine booth
By 1878, how many branches did the Salvation Army have?
45
what categories did the Salvation Army put the poor into
Those who live by crime
Those who live by vice
The starving and homeless, but honest poor
According to Charles booth, what percentage of Londoners were below the poverty line in 1903
31%
What was the criteria to be below the poverty line?
The lowest class (class A) Casual earnings (class B) Occasional earnings (class C) Low wages (class D)
What percentage of poor were hit by trade depressions, according to Charles Booth
8%
What percentage of poor included widows and deserted women?
11.25%
Where was Seebohm Rowntree from?
York
How much, according to Rowntree did a family of five need to live on per week
21s 8d
What is primary poverty?
Would never earn enough to provide adequate food, shelter and clothing
When was the Labour Party formed?
1900
How did the boer war contribute to the drive for social reforms
As many as 2/3 rejected as unfit
In 1906 general election, how many liberals were elected?
400
When was the free school meals scheme passed?
1906
When was the children’s act passed?
1908
When was the labour exchanges act passed
1909
When were school clinics set up?
1912
When was the NI act for unemployment?
1912
When was the NI act for illness?
1911
Under the children’s act, what special status was given to children
Protected persons
How old did you have to be to get into a pub, in the children’s act?
14
Who had to join the NI scheme for illness
All manual workers
People in low paid white collar jobs
How much was contributed to NI act for illness by the workers?
3d
Under the NI act for unemployment how much would a worker get?
7s 6d
Over how long would this last for
13 weeks
How many people qualified for old age pensions?
Around 500,000
Who was chancellor when the budget for the reforms was passed
David Lloyd George
When did DLG first try to pass the budget for the reforms?
1909
Why did DLG fail
It taxed the rich and landowners and the House of Lords was full of land owners
When did DLG finally pass it?
1910
Why did he succeed this time?
The House of Lords agreed to the budget
How many children did Dr. Bernado rescue
59,384
How many better lives did this lead to (Dr.Bernado)
500,000
Accepting relief meant what?
Being labeled a pauper, which brought great shame
You’d go to the workhouse
In which year did queen Victoria die?
1901
How many people were class A poor?
11,000 or 1.25% of the poor
How many people were class B poor?
110,000 or 11.25% of poor
How many people were class C poor?
75,000 or 8% of the poor
How many people were class D poor
129,000 or 14.5% of the poor
According to Seebohm Rowntree what percentage of the population of York were living in poverty
28%
What two sections did Seebohm Rowntree put the poor into?
Primary and secondary poverty
What percentage of the poor in York were in secondary and primary poverty?
10% of York = Primary poverty
18% of York = Secondary poverty
Who were the ‘New Liberals’
David Lloyd George
Winston Churchill
What did the ‘new liberals’ believe
The state should provide the framework within which everyone could live in security and freedom
Who were the ‘new liberals’ inspired by
Seebohm Rowntree
Charles booth
What progress had been made at the end of the 19th century
Local authorities had take responsibility for;
Providing clean piped water to houses
Connecting houses to sewage systems
Lighting the streets and cleaning them
Who often ran the schemes
The liberals
What did the liberal government do to help children?
Free school meals (1906)
School medical inspections (1907)
The children’s act (1908)
School clinics (1912)
What did the liberal government do to help the sick and unemployed?
The labour exchanges act (1909)
The NI Act for illness (1911)
The NI Act for unemployment (1912)
Hat did the liberal government do to help the elderly?
The pensions act (1908)
When was the pensions act introduced?
1908
What was Britain’s population around this time
45 million
What were the two major liberal reforms?
Old age pensions and national insurance
What was Seebohm Rowntree’s book called
Poverty: a study of town life
What were the main reasons why The Liberal Government introduced measures to tackle poverty after 1906?
Influence of social reformers
Effect of Boer war and need to strengthen workforce
Challenge from the Labour Party
Influence of the ‘New Liberals’
What were Charles booths books about
The labouring poor in London
Who was among the 1000s of people who read and consulted these books?
MP Winston Churchill, who would soon be in a position to do something about it
When did the British army begin fighting the boer settlers in South Africa
1899
How many people failed the army medical exam?
1000s rejected due to being unfit
2/3 turned down because of failing the medical test
Why were the economies and workforce of Germany and USA highly successful
The skills and hardworking in their workforces, which made Britain look week and something needed to be done
What did it look as if the British army didn’t have?
The strength and stamina to compete
What happened in 1900 politically?
All socialist groups in Britain came together to form the Labour Party
What did the Labour Party pledge?
To get better living and working conditions for working people
Fairer distribution of the countries wealth
What was the liberal party afraid of
Losing members and votes to labour
What was David Lloyd George
Chancellor of the exchequer
What was Winston Churchill when he was a young liberal
President of the bond of trade
What were the new liberals impressed by
The understanding that the poor were rarely to blame for their own poverty
What were the new liberals shocked by
Many people were so poor that they could do nothing to lift them selves out of poverty
What did the schemes run by liberals do?
They raised the possibility of what could be done nationally
