Russia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hopes for Revolution

Bessie Beatty

A

The Revolution was to every man the sum of his desires

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2
Q

October Revolution

Lynch

A

The Bolsheviks did not inherit a ship of state, they took over a derelict hulk

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3
Q

Bolsheviks Decrees

Service

A

Designed to inspire, to excite, to instigate

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4
Q

CHEKA

Lenin

A

Urgent measures are needed to fight the counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs

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5
Q

Dissolution of Constituent Assembly

Lenin

A

Trust in the mood but don’t forget your rifles

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6
Q

CHEKA

Pipes

A

The machine gun became for them the principal instrument of political persuasion

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7
Q

CHEKA

Dzerzhinsky

A

Our revolution is in danger. Do not concern yourselves with the forms of revolutionary justice.

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8
Q

Civil War

Lenin

A

The proletarian slogan must be: Civil War!

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9
Q

CHEKA

Lynch

A

It is doubtful even without the threat of civil war and organised opposition that Bolshevism could have developed other than as an oppressive system

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10
Q

CHEKA

Pipes

A

Terror may have saved communism but it corroded its soul

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11
Q

CHEKA

Service

A

Overkilling was better than running the risk of being overthrown

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12
Q

Civil War

Figes

A

They made no real effort to develop policies that might appeal to the peasants or the national minorities although support of both were essential

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13
Q

Civil War

Malone

A

The Whites had no common unity of purpose

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14
Q

War Communism

Pipes

A

Instead of raising productivity to unprecedented heights, War Communism had reduced it to levels that threatened Russia’s very survival

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15
Q

Kronstadt Uprising

Fitzpatrick

A

The Kronstadt Uprising was a symbolic parting of the ways between the working class and the Bolshevik party

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16
Q

Threats to Regime

Lenin

A

The Soviet Republic is surrounded by enemies. But it will defeat its enemies both external and internal

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17
Q

NEP

Lenin

A

What is needed now is an economic breathing spell

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18
Q

NEP

Malone

A

Bolshevik economic planning can be considered merely a fragmented response to a series of desperate situations

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19
Q

NEP

Ryan

A

A number of communists were unhappy with what they saw as a break with true revolutionary strategy and a betrayal of the proletariat

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20
Q

Scissor Crisis

Malone

A

The scissors opened and never closed

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21
Q

The Terror

Figes

A

The Terror was a war by the regime against the whole of society - a means of terrorising it into submission

22
Q

War Communism

?

A

We own the land but the grain belongs to you

23
Q

Kronstadt Uprising

Trotsky

A

Reddest of the red

24
Q

Kronstadt Uprising

Kronstadt Sailors

A

The sickle and the hammer - have actually been replaced..with the bayonet and the barred window.

25
Q

Woman’s Rights

Ella Shistyer

A

The Revolution gave me the right to feel equal to any man

26
Q

Lenin’s Death

?

A

Lenin has died- but Leninism lives!

27
Q

Reversion

Pipes

A

The system marked a reversion to the autocratic practices of tsarist Russia.

28
Q

Civil War

Fitzpatrick

A

On the crucial issue of land, the Bolsheviks were the lesser evil

29
Q

Army Discipline

Trotsky

A

Every scoundrel who incites anyone to retreat, to desert or not to fulfil a military order will be shot

30
Q

Civil War

CPSU

A

They were fighting on the side of the people and for a good cause

31
Q

Civil War

Pipes

A

It had nothing to do with being more appealing to the people

32
Q

Civil War

Figes

A

They couldn’t convince people

33
Q

The Terror

Hill

A

The terror came later (in 1918) and was a direct consequence of allied military intervention

34
Q

The Terror

Figes

A

The Bolsheviks were forced to turn increasingly to terror to silence their political critics and subjugate a society they could not control by other means

35
Q

Bolsheviks

Lenin

A

The Soviet Revolutionary Republic will triumph no matter what the cost

36
Q

War Communism

Figes

A

Soviet Power in the much of the countryside had virtually ceased to exist

37
Q

NEP

Official History

A

Wisdom and farsightedness of Lenin’s policy

38
Q

Peasant Uprisings

Lenin

A

far more dangerous than all of the Denikins, Yudeniches and Kolchaks put together

39
Q

NEP

CPSU

A

change from an assault of the fortress to the slower method of siege

40
Q

Decrees

Figes

A

[conquer the] world with a red pencil in one hand and a gun in the other

41
Q

NEP

Hill

A

In order to build socialism it was first necessary for the Communist Party to raise Russia to the economic and cultural level of western capitalism.

42
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Crampton

A

It was a device, the Bolsheviks admitted, to trade space for time, the time which they needed to consolidate their revolutionary rule.

43
Q

War Communism

Lenin

A

Ruthless war on the kulaks. Death to the kulaks.

44
Q

The Terror

Latsis, CHEKA

A

We are not waging war against individual persons. We are exterminating the bourgeois as a class.

45
Q

Polish-Soviet War

Fitzpatrick

A

The Bolsheviks’ dilemma…was that policies of proletarian internationalism in practice had a disconcerting similarity to the policies of old-style Russian imperialism.

46
Q

Polish-Soviet War

Figes

A

on the contrary a deterrent to the West against invading Russia

47
Q

Consequences

Hill

A

The revolutionary process abolished a regime of despair and created a new world of hope.

48
Q

Consequences

Lynch

A

1917 did not mark a complete break with the past. Rather it was the replacement of one form of state-authoritarianism with another.

49
Q

Consequences

Pipes

A

the Communist regime was a monumental failure

50
Q

Consequences

Figes

A

The experiment went horribly wrong, not so much because of the malice of its leaders, … but because the ideas themselves were impossible.

51
Q

Figes - NEP

A

It was a desperate bid to stem the tide of this popular revolution

52
Q

Economic Failure

Fitzpatrick

A

Revolutionaries are unrealistic and inexperienced in government