Russia 2

Question 1

Hopes for Revolution

Bessie Beatty

Answer 1

The Revolution was to every man the sum of his desires

Question 2

October Revolution

Lynch

Answer 2

The Bolsheviks did not inherit a ship of state, they took over a derelict hulk

Question 3

Bolsheviks Decrees

Service

Answer 3

Designed to inspire, to excite, to instigate

Question 4

CHEKA

Lenin

Answer 4

Urgent measures are needed to fight the counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs

Question 5

Dissolution of Constituent Assembly

Lenin

Answer 5

Trust in the mood but don’t forget your rifles

Question 6

CHEKA

Pipes

Answer 6

The machine gun became for them the principal instrument of political persuasion

Question 7

CHEKA

Dzerzhinsky

Answer 7

Our revolution is in danger. Do not concern yourselves with the forms of revolutionary justice.

Question 8

Civil War

Lenin

Answer 8

The proletarian slogan must be: Civil War!

Question 9

CHEKA

Lynch

Answer 9

It is doubtful even without the threat of civil war and organised opposition that Bolshevism could have developed other than as an oppressive system

Question 10

CHEKA

Pipes

Answer 10

Terror may have saved communism but it corroded its soul

Question 11

CHEKA

Service

Answer 11

Overkilling was better than running the risk of being overthrown

Question 12

Civil War

Figes

Answer 12

They made no real effort to develop policies that might appeal to the peasants or the national minorities although support of both were essential

Question 13

Civil War

Malone

Answer 13

The Whites had no common unity of purpose

Question 14

War Communism

Pipes

Answer 14

Instead of raising productivity to unprecedented heights, War Communism had reduced it to levels that threatened Russia’s very survival

Question 15

Kronstadt Uprising

Fitzpatrick

Answer 15

The Kronstadt Uprising was a symbolic parting of the ways between the working class and the Bolshevik party

Question 16

Threats to Regime

Lenin

Answer 16

The Soviet Republic is surrounded by enemies. But it will defeat its enemies both external and internal

Question 17

NEP

Lenin

Answer 17

What is needed now is an economic breathing spell

Question 18

NEP

Malone

Answer 18

Bolshevik economic planning can be considered merely a fragmented response to a series of desperate situations

Question 19

NEP

Ryan

Answer 19

A number of communists were unhappy with what they saw as a break with true revolutionary strategy and a betrayal of the proletariat

Question 20

Scissor Crisis

Malone

Answer 20

The scissors opened and never closed

Question 21

The Terror

Figes

Answer 21

The Terror was a war by the regime against the whole of society - a means of terrorising it into submission

Question 22

War Communism

?

Answer 22

We own the land but the grain belongs to you

Question 23

Kronstadt Uprising

Trotsky

Answer 23

Reddest of the red

Question 24

Kronstadt Uprising

Kronstadt Sailors

Answer 24

The sickle and the hammer - have actually been replaced..with the bayonet and the barred window.

Question 25

Woman's Rights | Ella Shistyer

Answer 25

The Revolution gave me the right to feel equal to any man

Question 26

Lenin's Death | ?

Answer 26

Lenin has died- but Leninism lives!

Question 27

Reversion | Pipes

Answer 27

The system marked a reversion to the autocratic practices of tsarist Russia.

Question 28

Civil War | Fitzpatrick

Answer 28

On the crucial issue of land, the Bolsheviks were the lesser evil

Question 29

Army Discipline | Trotsky

Answer 29

Every scoundrel who incites anyone to retreat, to desert or not to fulfil a military order will be shot

Question 30

Civil War | CPSU

Answer 30

They were fighting on the side of the people and for a good cause

Question 31

Civil War | Pipes

Answer 31

It had nothing to do with being more appealing to the people

Question 32

Civil War | Figes

Answer 32

They couldn't convince people

Question 33

The Terror | Hill

Answer 33

The terror came later (in 1918) and was a direct consequence of allied military intervention

Question 34

The Terror | Figes

Answer 34

The Bolsheviks were forced to turn increasingly to terror to silence their political critics and subjugate a society they could not control by other means

Question 35

Bolsheviks | Lenin

Answer 35

The Soviet Revolutionary Republic will triumph no matter what the cost

Question 36

War Communism | Figes

Answer 36

Soviet Power in the much of the countryside had virtually ceased to exist

Question 37

NEP | Official History

Answer 37

Wisdom and farsightedness of Lenin's policy

Question 38

Peasant Uprisings | Lenin

Answer 38

far more dangerous than all of the Denikins, Yudeniches and Kolchaks put together

Question 39

NEP | CPSU

Answer 39

change from an assault of the fortress to the slower method of siege

Question 40

Decrees | Figes

Answer 40

[conquer the] world with a red pencil in one hand and a gun in the other

Question 41

NEP | Hill

Answer 41

In order to build socialism it was first necessary for the Communist Party to raise Russia to the economic and cultural level of western capitalism.

Question 42

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Crampton

Answer 42

It was a device, the Bolsheviks admitted, to trade space for time, the time which they needed to consolidate their revolutionary rule.

Question 43

War Communism | Lenin

Answer 43

Ruthless war on the kulaks. Death to the kulaks.

Question 44

The Terror | Latsis, CHEKA

Answer 44

We are not waging war against individual persons. We are exterminating the bourgeois as a class.

Question 45

Polish-Soviet War | Fitzpatrick

Answer 45

The Bolsheviks’ dilemma...was that policies of proletarian internationalism in practice had a disconcerting similarity to the policies of old-style Russian imperialism.

Question 46

Polish-Soviet War | Figes

Answer 46

on the contrary a deterrent to the West against invading Russia

Question 47

Consequences | Hill

Answer 47

The revolutionary process abolished a regime of despair and created a new world of hope.

Question 48

Consequences | Lynch

Answer 48

1917 did not mark a complete break with the past. Rather it was the replacement of one form of state-authoritarianism with another.

Question 49

Consequences | Pipes

Answer 49

the Communist regime was a monumental failure

Question 50

Consequences | Figes

Answer 50

The experiment went horribly wrong, not so much because of the malice of its leaders, ... but because the ideas themselves were impossible.

Question 51

Figes - NEP

Answer 51

It was a desperate bid to stem the tide of this popular revolution

Question 52

Economic Failure | Fitzpatrick

Answer 52

Revolutionaries are unrealistic and inexperienced in government