Rural To Urban Migration In Developing Nations

Question 1

How is rural to urban migration changing urban areas in developing nations?

Answer 1

• 2025, 1 billion rural to urban migrants

- 2015, developing countries 50% urbanised (75% developed nations)

Question 2

Give 4 push factors of rural to urban migration

Answer 2

• Mechanised agriculture
• MNCs
• New technologies
• Transport

Question 3

How does mechanised agriculture push migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 3

• Poverty increased due to decrease in need for rural labourers
• E.g. SSA 60% workforce involved in agriculture

Question 4

How do MNCs push migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 4

• Cash crops and agribusiness, modernise agriculture, reducing need for labour
• E.g. Monsato, Kenya

Question 5

How do new technologies push migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 5

• Provide greater knowledge of ‘outside world’ in impoverished rural areas
• E.g. Masai warrior better connectivity than 1990s US President

Question 6

How does transport push migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 6

• Removed intervening barriers such as distance

- E.g. Tran-Amazon Highway

Question 7

Give 4 pull factors of rural to urban migration

Answer 7

• De-industrialisation in west and globalisation
• MNCs
• Informal sector
• Draw of the bright light

Question 8

How does de-industrialisation in west and globalisation pull migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 8

• Global shift of employment to Asia, S. America and Africa = Creation of megacities with jobs
• E.g. 1990-2000, 300 million left rural China to find work in cities

Question 9

How do MNCs pull migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 9

• Moving of MNC factories to areas of low wage

- E.g. Foxcon manufacture Apple products in Shenzhen

Question 10

How does the informal sector pull migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 10

• New arrivals able to gain employment in informal sector such as waste recycling
• E.g. Mumbai, 80% plastic recycled in Dharavi, employing 300,000

Question 11

How does the draw of the bright lights pull migrants from rural to urban areas?

Answer 11

• Young adults attracted to excitement and opportunities of cities
• E.g. Lagos Nigeria, attracts 86 rural to urban migrants every hour

Question 12

What are export processing zones?

Answer 12

• Areas where export processing takes place, attracting MNC investment through low tax rates and the removal of tariffs and export duties