Impact Of Rural To Urban Migration In Developing Nations

Question 1

What rural problems are created by rural to urban migration?

Answer 1

• Ageing population (70% of India’s 100 million elderly live in rural areas)
• Falling agricultural provision (300 million young Chinese moved to cities, potential food shortage)

Question 2

What is ruralisation?

Answer 2

Investment in rural community to create modern, self-sufficient villages

Question 3

Give an example of ruralisation

Answer 3

• Kenya’s M-Pesa mobile service
• Used by 8 million
• SMS based system, allowing user to deposit, send and withdraw funds using phone
• Improved rural business opportunities (1/2 Kenya’s GDP transferred using M-Pesa)

Question 4

What urban problems are created by rural to urban migration?

Answer 4

• % urban population (Strain on resources)
• Slum development (Informal shanty housing built by immigrants e.g. Rochina, Rio. Overtime improved to form low income district e.g. Rochina, electricity and McDonalds

Question 5

Outline how squatter settlements become low income districts

Answer 5

1) Famine and other push factors
2) Poor migrants from rural areas
3) Squatter settlements, very poor accommodation
4) Income from informal sector
5) Self improvement of accommodation
6) Regular work and community action
7) Incorporation of shanty town into city
8) Low income district in developing city

Question 6

Give a social positive and negative of shanty towns

Answer 6

• Positive: Strong family and community structure

- Negative: Easy spread of infections due to poor sanitation

Question 7

Give an environmental positive and negative of shanty towns

Answer 7

• Positive: High rates of recycling due to informal sector

- Negative: Poor water and sewage provision

Question 8

Give an economic positive and negative of shanty towns

Answer 8

• Positive: Much informal employment

- Negative: Decreased tax base

Question 9

How are shanty towns managed?

Answer 9

• Self help schemes (People improve houses over time as a community, may receive tools or training from government/NGO)
• Site and service schemes (Land is divided into plots, plots rented/sold, basic infrastructure provided, settlement integrated into city through roads and public transport)