rural to urban migration

Question 1

push factors from limpopo

Answer 1

• small farms earn less than 100 a month
• disease from stagnant ponds eg.cholera
• remoteness means poor access to schools
• rainfall unpredictable
• limited diet can lead to malnutrition in vulnerable young

Question 2

pull factors to johannesburg

Answer 2

• job prospects of 700 a month
• food supplies more reliable
• bright lights phenomena draws people into city (image of easy money)

Question 3

effects on limpopo

Answer 3

• ageing population as young active members of the community leave for city. Very young and old left behind creating imbalance in population structure and social activities
• brain drain - skilled people such as doctors leave for city
• oldest children become head of house and do not go to school

but; -money earned from migrants can be sent home to improve QoL and food supply
- more land is left

Question 4

impacts on johannesburg

Answer 4

• large number of unskilled workers - 2 million go to informal settlements on edge of city like SOWETO
• high density housing and lack of basic sanitation means disease spreads easily

Question 5

Johannesburg improvements

Answer 5

• 200,000 new low cost homes to replace informal settlements
• 300,000 new jobs created to help unemployed
• 98% of housing has clean water

Question 6

pattern of migration ( where )

Answer 6

in recent decades, 250,000 have migrated from Limpopo province in North of south Africa to Johannesburg, south Africa’s biggest city.