Rural Development Flashcards
Explain animal husbandry
It refers to a branch of agriculture which involves breeding rearing, caring of farm animals. Now livestock refers to domesticated animals raised to produce labour and And commodities like cattle goats etc.
India is one of the largest lake shop populations in the world.
And India poultry accounts for the largest share of 61%
It provides increased ability and then come for tea, Garrity transportation, fuel and nutrition for the family, and also acts as a means of livelihood for small and margin farmer which include Landless labourers.
A significant number of women want to find employment in the livestock sector.
Silver revolution- is related to the immense growth of egg production in India by using advanced methods and technologies to enhance efficient growth in poultry farming.
India became the worlds largest producers of eggs after chia and USA.
Benefits of organic farming
- Economical- it does not involve the use of expensive agricultural products like hyv seeds, pesticides , chemical fertilisers etc, it used local products.
- Generates income from exports- it generates income through international exports because the demand of it has increased around the world.
- Provides healthy food- unlike convectional farming it provides healthy food.
- Safety of environment - it is safer for environment as it does not use chemicals for farming unlike conventional farming, it uses environmental sustainable products.
- Creates employment opportunities - it is labour intensive unlike conventional farming. India has a comparative advantage.
- Sustains soil fertility- it does not disturb or change the soil composition.
Drawbacks of organic farming
- Less popular - needs to be popularised, need for creation of awareness, willingness of the farmers fro the adoption of newer technologies.
2, less yield- small and marginal farmers find it difficult to adopt this technique as it won’t help them in large scale production. - Lesser number of choice of off season crops
- Shorter food life - shelf life is less
- Lack of infrastructure and marketing facilities
Expain dairying
It is another branch of agriculture which involves breeding, raising and utilisation of dairy animals.
It is a business of producing storing and distributing milk and it’s products.
India ranks first in the milk producing industry because of its suceessful implementation of operation flood.
Operation flood is also known as white revolution. It is a movement for the rise of milk production India.
Under Operation flood, farmers come together and pool the milk acc to diff grades, same is processed and is sent to urban centres through cooperatives. The farmers are assured fair wages and income.
Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh maharashtra are the leading producers of milk.
Meat wool are also emerging sectors.
Expain dairying
It is another branch of agriculture which involves breeding, raising and utilisation of dairy animals.
It is a business of producing storing and distributing milk and it’s products.
India ranks first in the milk producing industry because of its suceessful implementation of operation flood.
Operation flood is also known as white revolution. It is a movement for the rise of milk production India.
Under Operation flood, farmers come together and pool the milk acc to diff grades, same is processed and is sent to urban centres through cooperatives. The farmers are assured fair wages and income.
Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh maharashtra are the leading producers of milk.
Meat wool are also emerging sectors.
Expain dairying
It is another branch of agriculture which involves breeding, raising and utilisation of dairy animals.
It is a business of producing storing and distributing milk and it’s products.
India ranks first in the milk producing industry because of its suceessful implementation of operation flood.
Operation flood is also known as white revolution. It is a movement for the rise of milk production India.
Under Operation flood, farmers come together and pool the milk acc to diff grades, same is processed and is sent to urban centres through cooperatives. The farmers are assured fair wages and income.
Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh maharashtra are the leading producers of milk.
Meat wool are also emerging sectors.
Explain distress sale
It refers to a situation when the farmers are compelled to sell their produce immediately after the harvest no matter how low the market price is.
Explain horticulture
It is science or an art of cultivating fruits and vegetables, tuber crops, spices, etc. it provided food and nutrition to the rural population.
It contributes to around 6% of gdp,
There is a lot of scope of women employment because of the following jobs: flower harvesting, propagation of fruits and vegetables etc.
it has also improved the economic concision of the small and marginal farmers and the livelihood of underprivileged classes.
Golden revolution : it refers to a period between 1991 to 2003 which marked the rise in the production of fruits and vegetables.
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables.
India adopted this type of agriculture because it has favourable soil and climatic conditions
Plus it helps in diversification of crops and value addition in agriculture.
Formal or institutional sources of credit
- Cooperatives - they provide credit facilities to small and marginal farmers at a very low interest rate. Their main aim is to protect the farmers from the clutches of the money lenders.
- Regional Rural banks - these banks are set up in areas where there is no banking facility and aims to provide loan at a very low interest rate as low as 6%. These banks operate at a district level. They are set up jointly by state and national govt,
- Commercial banks-
- Land and development banks - they provide credit to farmers against mortgage and help in the permanent improvement of land, also for repaying of old debts.
- NABARD- is an apex body which coordinates with the other institutional banks, in involved in policy formulation, planning and regulation of the other banks.
It not only provides finance to farmers , it also provides financial assistance to the non farm sectors to promote integrated rural development and prosperity of backward rural areas. It was set up on 12 July 1982. - SHG-
- Govt - provides loan to farmers at the time of distress or emergency like during floods or famines. These loans are knows as taccavi loans.
Problems faced in rural banking
InSufficiency - the volume of rural credit is insufficient when compared to it demand in the market.
Growing over dues-from the point of view of the institutional sources the farmers are deliberately denying to repay back the loans.
These institutions have become more cautious and so farmers are not being provided rural credit.
Less importance to small and marginal farmers- they are not given much importance when it come ps to granting them credit because of their poor repaying capacity and the absence of collateral. Well to do farmers are given credit.
Dependence on informal credit sources - because of the long gestation period that is the period between sowing and harvesting the farmers are forced to take credit from moneylenders because they do not ask for collateral.
Inadequate coverage - not all rural farmers have the facility of taking credit from institutions.
Inadequate Amt of sanction - the amount of loan sanctioned to the farmers is also inadequate . This amt is put into unproductive uses which dilutes the very purpose of the loan.
The banks can build a relationship with the farmers instead of just being money lenders.
Farmers should inculcate the habit of savings and mobilising it.
Agricultural marketing steps
Gathering the produced after harvesting
Processing the produced
Grading the produced
Packaging the produced acc to buyers pref
Storing the produced
Selling
Explain diversification of crop production
It refers to shifting from single cropping system to multiple cropping system . It involves shifting from food grains to cash crops and subsistence farming to commercial farming.
Diversification helps in reducing the dependence of farmers on one or two crops because they are engaged in the production of variety of crops.
It also helps to reduce the risk of getting affected by the failure of monsoon.
It also acts as a supplementary gain employment during the off season period.
It helps in raising income of the farmers.
It will also help to minimise the risk arising due to price fluctuations of the crop.
Measures to improve agri marketing
Problems faced by the farmers
Explain diversification of agri activities
