Comparitive Study Flashcards
Elaborate on demographic indicators
Population:
China is the most populouscountry with 13,93 million people India is the second populous country with 13 52 million people. Pakistan with 212 million people
Growth rate of population:
China has the least growth rate of population of 0.46 percentage is because of one child policy. On this one child policy brought a lot of consequences. It declined the sex ratio and it increased the population of elderly people when compared to younger ones. It also caused a reduction in the growth rate of population that India’s growth rate of population is 1.03 percentage and Pakistan is 2.05 percentage.
Density
Since China’s growth rate is less, due to one child policy, it has the least density(148 persons per sq km) India has the most density of (455 persons per sq km) and Pakistan has 275 persons per sq km.
Sex ratio:
Due to preference of boy child , the sex ratio is less and biased in all the 3 countries.
India has the least ie : 924 out of 1000 males. China’s ratio is 949 and Pakistan’s is 943.
Fertility Rate:
It is the number of children borne by women in their reproductive age (15 to 45 years) on an average.
Due to one child policy, the fertility rate in China fell down from 3 to 1.7 births per women.
The fertility rate of India is 2.2 birth per women, and Pakistan’s is 3.6 births per women.
Urbanisation:
China is the most urbanised amongst all (59%) India (34%) and Pakistan (37%).
Explain growth indicators
2 things GDP AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
GDP : China -22.5 trillion
:India - 9.03 trillion
:Pakistan -0.94 trillion
Annual growth rate
During 1970 to 1980
China’s growth rate was the highest , was in 2digits. It’s growth rate was 10.3%
Pakistan’s was 6.3%
India’s was the least of 5.7%
During 2015-2017
Chinas fell to 6.8%
Pakistan’s fell to 5.3%
Because of political instability, over dependence on remittances and foreign aid along with volatile performance of agri sector p.
India increased to 7.3% because of efficient economic planning and better implementation then Pakistan.
Development path of INDIA CHINA PAKISTAN
All three started their Dev paths at the same time.
India and Pakistan got independence in 1947 and China got independence in 1949.
All there nations started planning their economic strategies at the Same time.
India announced its five year plan in 1951, Pakistan in 1956 and China in 1953
Since 2013, Pakistan has been working on the 11th five year plan (2013-18) and china has been working on his 13 th year five year plan (2016-20). India has still been working on the five year plan development based model.
Currently, Pakistan has been working on its 12 th five year plan (2018-23) and china has been working on its 14 th year five year plan with has had a strategic shift in the policy. India has put the five year plan to rest. This was done by the Indian govt.
India and Pakistan both are planning to build large public sectors and are trying to increase the public expenditure for social development.
Till 1980’s all the three nations had similar growth rates and per capital incomes.
History , geography, population and economy of China
History- It has the world oldest people and old civilisations dating back more than the 6th millennia.
China was previously known as PRC- people’s republic of China
Geography-
Located in Eastern Asia surrounded by the Pacific Ocean.
It is the third largest country in the world acc to the world Dev indicators 2019.
Currently China is the second largest country in the world near Canada and Russian and has area of 8.9 million sq kms.
Population and language :pop of India is 1393 million people with the growth rate of abt 0.46 %.
The most common language is the language spoken by the Sino Tibetan family. Various dialects are also spoken in China.
Economy -
Reforms initiated by the Chinese govt
- GLF: Great leap forward. Campaign was initiated by Mau zedong in 1958. It’s Main aim was to What is to transform agrarian economy to modern economy through its industrialisation process. This encourage the people to set up industries in their backyard. Communes was started. Communes refers to a system of collective farming under which the people were made to cultivate farmlands collectively around I am 26,000 communes were made. The obstacles faced by China were
A severe drought caused havoc and killed around 30 million people. When China had conflicts with Russia, Russia withdrew its professionals which she had sent to help them in the industrialisation process.
The Great proletarian cultural revolution of 1965 What is initiated by Mao Zedong.
Children and professionals was sent to Countryside to learn and work.
Reforms initiated by China
In the initial phase, reforms were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade for an exchange and export. In agriculture communes were divided into small plots and were allotted to individual households only for use and not for ownership. Now the income earned from the land will be that will be the Income of the person after deducting stipulated taxes.
In the later phases reforms were initiated in the industrial sector. So now the private enterprises and village enterprises were allowed to produce use goods. The enterprises owned by governments were not allowed to produce goods And were made to face competition. The Chinese government began to pursue open door policy in which it planned to achieve economic growth by continuously introducing foreign capital and technology while maintaining its commitment to socialism.
Special economic zones SEZ Was that up to Attract foreign investment. Sezs are areas with Business and trade laws, different from the other regions of the same country they are located within the Countries national borders.
I will placing indie from the farm was an industrial units were made to buy and sell specific one that is of good on the basis of prices Fix by the government. Other transactions Inputs and outputs was sold and bought a market Prices.
Pakistan history geography population and language economy
History - got independence on 14 aug 1947. It was previously known as is a Lic republic Pakistan .
Geography - it is located in South Asia borders Central Asia and Middle East. It’s borders are with China in the north, towards west and north west are Iran and Afghanistan and towards its east and south east is India.
Population - 1/4 of the population is still below the official poverty line. It has the second largest Muslim community after Indonesia. Languages Urdu and English.
Pop of pak is 212 million people and it’s growth rate is around 2.05.
Economy -
Mixed economic system - coexisting with public and priv sectors
Green revolution and increase in public investment in infrastructure
Intro of new policies like tariff protection for manufacturing of consumer goods and import substitution policy like India to protect the domestic industries from foreign comp.
imp to role of public sectors in the early 1970s - nationalisation of capital good industries
Imp to roll of priv sectors in the late 1970s- change in the policy denationalisation, govt encouraged the priv sectors and also offered them various incentives. This brought a drastic change in the agrarian structure of the economy.
Financial support - western nations and remittances from the immigrants in the Middle East
Reforms, in 1988 reforms were initiated.
Dev strategies appraisal
Human development indicators
HDI: India : 0.645
Pakistan :0.55
China:0.761
Maternal mortality rate: China : for every one lakh births 39women die
India :133
Pakistan: 140
Basic water drinking sources: China :96% india 93% Pakistan -91 %
Basic sanitation facilities 75 % China ….India Pakistan :60% of pop
Mean years schooling : China :8.1% india -6.5%. And pakistan 5.2
Life expectancy at birth …China 76.9 . India 69.7 China 67.3 years
Population undernourished. China -8.1%
India 37.9 China 37.6%
Gross National income (ppp) - China 16057
India 6681
Pak - 5005 dollars
What is HDI
Shows the level of growth and dev of the country
Discuss reforms of China
Initial phases later phases sezs Dual pricing
Imp implications of one child norm
Lesser injuries
Less risks of death after preg
Provides better health services to the women
But side effects
More elderly people
Fewer workers
Demographic indicators
Pop
Growth rate
Density
Sex ratio
Fertility rate
Urbanisation
What is the budget of central govt called
Union budget
Contribution of the 3 countries to gva and proportion of workers
Why are regional and economic groups formed?
Raise their voice to address common issues to safe guard their common interests
Unified
Promote int trade activities
To Maintain peace and stability
To strengthen the economy
Use this for SA1
Overutiliaztion of resources
Write dates
Explain infant mortality rate and etc def
Growth structure :
Sectoral and not reforms
