RUNWAY ENVIRONMENT

Question 1

Define “Stopway”

Answer 1

Used to stop in case of aborted T/O. Width can’t be less than the runway
Not intended for normal use

Question 2

Define “Clearway”

Answer 2

Extends 75 m either side of the centerline.
Lengthwise it extends to the first non-frangible object to a maximum of 50% of the TORA
It has to be under airport authority control
Slopes upward at a gradient of max 1,25%
No part of the ground or objects exceeding 0,9m may protrude the plane

Question 3

Definition of TOFL?

Answer 3

Longest of:

1. ASD
2. AGD
3. TOD x 1,15

Question 4

Define TODA?

Answer 4

TORA + Clearway

Question 5

Define TODR?

Answer 5

Dry:
The greater of
- Start to 35 ft with OEI at Vef
- Start to 35 ft with AEO +115% of that distance

Wet:
The greater of:
- Start to 15 ft with OEI at Vef
- Start to 35 ft with AEO + 115% of that distance

Question 6

Define:

1. Damp
2. Wet
3. Contaminated runways?

Answer 6

1. Damp: When the surface is not dry, but the moisture on it doesn’t give it a shiny appearance
2. Wet: When the runway is covered with water, less than specified, or when there is sufficient moisture on the runway surface to cause it to appear reflective, but without significant areas of standing water
3. Contaminated: When more than 25% of the runway surface area is covered with more than
   - 3 mm standing water
   - Compacted snow
   - Ice and wet ice

Question 7

Define “Balanced field length”?

Answer 7

ASDA = TODA

Question 8

What’s the purpose of Balanced field length calculations?

Answer 8

To simplify calculations

Question 9

What’s the downside of using BFL?

Answer 9

It might restrict max T/O weight

Question 10

What does a balanced T/O result in?

Answer 10

The shortest possible runway length for the given conditions

Question 11

Draw the balanced field length diagram

Answer 11

Dist req on vertical axis
Engine failure speed on horizontal axis
ASD increases with speed
OEI TOD decreases with speed

Question 12

Why is the screen height reduced to 15 ft on a wet runway it?

Answer 12

The ASD increases and by reducing the screen height the OEI TOD has to reduce to re-balance the fieldbut at a lower V1 speed.

Question 13

What do you have to look out for when reducing V1?

Answer 13

Make sure it does’t go below Vmcg

Question 14

When would you use an un-balanced field length?

Answer 14

When you need to carry extra weight and you have a long clearway

Question 15

How can you carry more weight by reducing V1?

Answer 15

Reduced V1 leads to TOD increasing which leads to ASD decreasing.
Use the decreased ASD to increase weight

Question 16

What does BFL represent?

Answer 16

The minimum rwy length that you need for a given weight or the greatest weight you can carry off a given field length