Ruminants and Non-Ruminants

Question 1

uniquely qualifies ruminant animals such as cattle to
efficiently use high roughage feedstuffs, including
forages.

Answer 1

Ruminant Digestive System

Question 2

Animals that have a ruminant digestive system

Answer 2

cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and antelope

Question 3

Parts of ruminant digestive system

Answer 3

includes the mouth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, pancreas, gall
bladder, small intestine, and large intestine.

Question 4

What are the 4 compartments in the ruminant digestive system

Answer 4

rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum

Question 5

A ruminant uses its mouth (oral cavity) and tongue to harvest forages during grazing or to
consume harvested feedstuffs.

Answer 5

Ruminant Grazing

Question 6

a aids in chewing and
swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat (salivary lipase) and starch (salivary
amylase), and is involved in nitrogen recycling to the rumen

Answer 6

Saliva

Question 7

Saliva

Answer 7

buffer pH levels in the reticulum and rumen.

Question 8

A mature cow produces up to __ _______ of saliva per day, but this varies, depending on the amount of time spent chewing feed, because that stimulates saliva production.

Answer 8

50 quarts

Question 9

such as cattle, sheep,
goats, deer, and antelope, have one stomach with four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.

Answer 9

True Ruminant

Question 10

Reticulum is also called as

Answer 10

Honeycomb

Question 11

It sits underneath and toward the front of the rumen, lying against the diaphragm. Ingesta flow freely between the reticulum and rumen.

Answer 11

Reticulum

Question 12

Function of Reticulum

Answer 12

to collect smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum, while the larger particles remain in the rumen for further digestion.

Question 13

also traps and collects heavy/dense objects the animal
consumes. When a ruminant consumes a nail, wire, or other sharp heavy object, it is very likely the object will be caught in the reticulum.

Answer 13

Reticulum

Question 14

During normal digestive tract contractions, this object can penetrate the reticulum wall
and make its way to the heart, where it can lead to _________ ________

Answer 14

Hardware disease

Question 15

The Rumen is also known as

Answer 15

Paunch

Question 16

It is lined with papillae for nutrient
absorption and divided by muscular pillars into the dorsal, ventral, caudodorsal, and caudoventral sacs.

Answer 16

Rumen

Question 17

The rumen acts as a
____________ ____by hosting microbial fermentation.

Answer 17

Fermentation Vat

Question 18

digest cellulose from plant cell walls, digest complex starch, synthesize protein from nonprotein nitrogen, and synthesize B vitamins and vitamin K.

Answer 18

Rumen Microorganisms

Question 19

pH level of reticulum

Answer 19

6.47 - 0.016

Question 20

Rumen pH typically
ranges from _______.

Answer 20

6.5 to 6.8

Question 21

Environment of Rumen

Answer 21

anaerobic (without oxygen). Gases produced in the rumen include carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide.

Question 22

Omasum is also called as

Answer 22

“many plies” or the “butcher’s
bible”

Question 23

spherical and connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel.

Answer 23

Omasum

Question 24

Omasum

Answer 24

These folds increase the surface area, which increases the area that absorbs nutrients from
feed and water.

Question 25

Water absorption occurs in the ______.

Answer 25

Omasum

Question 26

_____ have a highly developed, large omasum.

Answer 26

Cattle

Question 27

Abomasum is also known as

Answer 27

True Stomach

Question 28

It is the compartment that is most similar to a stomach in a nonruminant.

Answer 28

Abomasum

Question 29

The abomasum produces

Answer 29

hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, such as pepsin (breaks down proteins), and receives digestive enzymes secreted from the pancreas, such as pancreatic lipase (breaks down fats).

Question 30

The pH in the abomasum generally ranges from _____ - ______.

Answer 30

3.5 - 4.0

Question 31

Anatomy of the ruminant digestive system includes:

Answer 31

the mouth, tongue, salivary glands (producing saliva for buffering rumen pH), esophagus, four-compartment stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum), pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and large intestine (cecum, colon, and rectum).

Question 32

is a tube up to 150 feet long with a 20-gallon capacity in a mature cow.

Answer 32

Small Intestine

Question 33

Digesta entering the small intestine mix with secretions from the pancreas and liver, which elevate the pH from ___ to between __ and __.

Answer 33

2.5 to between 7 and 8

Question 34

The intestinal wall contains numerous “fingerlike” projections called _____ that increase intestinal surface area to aid in nutrient absorption.

Answer 34

Villi

Question 35

Parts of the small intestine

Answer 35

Duodenum, Jejunum, Illeum

Question 36

Receives partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach. Here, bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas mix with the chyme, breaking down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Answer 36

Duodenum

Question 37

Function of Jejunum

Answer 37

Most nutrient absorption occurs here.

Question 38

Function of Illeum

Answer 38

Absorbs remaining nutrients, especially vitamin B12, bile salts, and any products not absorbed by the jejunum. It then passes the remaining undigested matter to the large intestine.

Question 39

Absorbs water from material passing through it and then excretes the remaining material as feces from the rectum.

Answer 39

Large Intestine

Question 40

Parts of Large Intestine

Answer 40

Cecum, Colon, Rectum

Question 41

Function of Cecum

Answer 41

This pouch-like section connects the small intestine to the large intestine. It absorbs fluids and salts

Question 41

Absorbs water and salts from the remaining food matter. The colon also houses beneficial bacteria that help break down fibers and produce vitamins like vitamin K.

Answer 41

Colon

Question 42

Function of Rectum

Answer 42

Stores feces until it is ready to be expelled from the body.

Question 43

Ruminant Digestive Development

Answer 43

The reticular groove in these young animals is formed by muscular folds of the reticulum. It shunts milk directly to the omasum and then abomasum, bypassing the reticulorumen. The rumen in these animals must be inoculated with rumen microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Question 44

The term “monogastric” refers to the

Answer 44

Structure of the stomach

Question 45

The stomach has a simple structure consisting of a single compartment

Answer 45

Monogastric Digestive System

Question 46

There are accessory parts of the digestive system:

Answer 46

the pancreas, gall bladder, and liver