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Ani Nut Lab > Ruminants and Non-Ruminants > Flashcards

Ruminants and Non-Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

uniquely qualifies ruminant animals such as cattle to
efficiently use high roughage feedstuffs, including
forages.

A

Ruminant Digestive System

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2
Q

Animals that have a ruminant digestive system

A

cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and antelope

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3
Q

Parts of ruminant digestive system

A

includes the mouth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, pancreas, gall
bladder, small intestine, and large intestine.

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4
Q

What are the 4 compartments in the ruminant digestive system

A

rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum

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5
Q

A ruminant uses its mouth (oral cavity) and tongue to harvest forages during grazing or to
consume harvested feedstuffs.

A

Ruminant Grazing

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6
Q

a aids in chewing and
swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat (salivary lipase) and starch (salivary
amylase), and is involved in nitrogen recycling to the rumen

A

Saliva

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7
Q

Saliva

A

buffer pH levels in the reticulum and rumen.

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8
Q

A mature cow produces up to __ _______ of saliva per day, but this varies, depending on the amount of time spent chewing feed, because that stimulates saliva production.

A

50 quarts

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9
Q

such as cattle, sheep,
goats, deer, and antelope, have one stomach with four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.

A

True Ruminant

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10
Q

Reticulum is also called as

A

Honeycomb

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11
Q

It sits underneath and toward the front of the rumen, lying against the diaphragm. Ingesta flow freely between the reticulum and rumen.

A

Reticulum

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12
Q

Function of Reticulum

A

to collect smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum, while the larger particles remain in the rumen for further digestion.

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13
Q

also traps and collects heavy/dense objects the animal
consumes. When a ruminant consumes a nail, wire, or other sharp heavy object, it is very likely the object will be caught in the reticulum.

A

Reticulum

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14
Q

During normal digestive tract contractions, this object can penetrate the reticulum wall
and make its way to the heart, where it can lead to _________ ________

A

Hardware disease

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15
Q

The Rumen is also known as

A

Paunch

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16
Q

It is lined with papillae for nutrient
absorption and divided by muscular pillars into the dorsal, ventral, caudodorsal, and caudoventral sacs.

A

Rumen

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17
Q

The rumen acts as a
____________ ____by hosting microbial fermentation.

A

Fermentation Vat

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18
Q

digest cellulose from plant cell walls, digest complex starch, synthesize protein from nonprotein nitrogen, and synthesize B vitamins and vitamin K.

A

Rumen Microorganisms

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19
Q

pH level of reticulum

A

6.47 - 0.016

20
Q

Rumen pH typically
ranges from _______.

A

6.5 to 6.8

21
Q

Environment of Rumen

A

anaerobic (without oxygen). Gases produced in the rumen include carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide.

22
Q

Omasum is also called as

A

“many plies” or the “butcher’s
bible”

23
Q

spherical and connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel.

A

Omasum

24
Q

Omasum

A

These folds increase the surface area, which increases the area that absorbs nutrients from
feed and water.

25
Q

Water absorption occurs in the ______.

A

Omasum

26
Q

_____ have a highly developed,
large omasum.

A

Cattle

27
Q

Abomasum is also known as

A

True Stomach

28
Q

It is the compartment that is
most similar to a stomach in a nonruminant.

A

Abomasum

29
Q

The abomasum produces

A

hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, such as pepsin (breaks down proteins), and receives digestive enzymes secreted from the pancreas, such as pancreatic lipase (breaks down fats).

30
Q

The pH in the abomasum
generally ranges from _____ - ______.

A

3.5 - 4.0

31
Q

Anatomy of the ruminant digestive system includes:

A

the mouth, tongue, salivary glands
(producing saliva for buffering rumen pH), esophagus, four-compartment stomach (rumen,
reticulum, omasum, and abomasum), pancreas,
gall bladder, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum,
and ileum), and large intestine (cecum, colon, and
rectum).

32
Q

is a tube up to 150 feet long with a 20-gallon capacity in a mature cow.

A

Small Intestine

33
Q

Digesta entering the small
intestine mix with secretions from the pancreas and liver, which elevate the pH from ___ to between __ and __.

A

2.5 to between 7 and 8

34
Q

The intestinal wall contains numerous “fingerlike” projections called _____ that increase intestinal surface area to aid in nutrient absorption.

A

Villi

35
Q

Parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Illeum

36
Q

Receives partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach. Here, bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas mix with the chyme, breaking down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

A

Duodenum

37
Q

Function of Jejunum

A

Most nutrient absorption occurs here.

38
Q

Function of Illeum

A

Absorbs remaining nutrients, especially vitamin B12, bile salts, and any products not absorbed by the jejunum. It then passes the remaining undigested matter to the large intestine.

39
Q

Absorbs water from material passing through it and then
excretes the remaining material as feces from the rectum.

A

Large Intestine

40
Q

Parts of Large Intestine

A

Cecum, Colon, Rectum

41
Q

Function of Cecum

A

This pouch-like section connects the small intestine to the large intestine. It absorbs fluids and salts

41
Q

Absorbs water and salts from the remaining food matter. The colon also houses beneficial bacteria that help break down fibers and produce vitamins like vitamin K.

A

Colon

42
Q

Function of Rectum

A

Stores feces until it is ready to be expelled from the body.

43
Q

Ruminant Digestive Development

A

The reticular groove
in these young animals is formed by muscular folds of the
reticulum. It shunts milk directly to the omasum and then abomasum, bypassing the reticulorumen. The rumen in these animals must be inoculated with rumen microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and
protozoa.

44
Q

The term “monogastric” refers to the

A

Structure of the stomach

45
Q

The stomach has a simple structure consisting
of a single compartment

A

Monogastric Digestive System

46
Q

There are accessory parts of the
digestive system:

A

the pancreas, gall bladder, and liver

Ani Nut Lab (4 decks)

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