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Ani Nut Lab > Animal Nutrition Terms - 1st lesson > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition Terms - 1st lesson Flashcards

1
Q

Edible material needed by animal for growth, health, and reproduction

A

Feed

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2
Q

Feed given to animals for one day

A

Ration

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3
Q

Animals possessing compound stomach

A

Ruminants

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4
Q

Animals with simple stomach

A

Non-Ruminants

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5
Q

substances needed by animals to sustain life

A

Nutrients

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6
Q

feed with high fiber content and low protein

A

Roughage

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7
Q

Feed with high level protein content and low fiber

A

Concentrates

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8
Q

Feed materials for ruminant animals, either fresh or dry, but usually cereals

A

Fodder crops

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9
Q

Fermented forage crops

A

Silage

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10
Q

Fresh forage crops

A

Soilage

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11
Q

any feed constituent which may function in the nutritive support of the animal

A

Nutrient

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12
Q

any feed low (below 20%) in crude fiber and high (over 60%) TDN on air-dry basis

A

Concentrate

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13
Q

any feed high (over 20%) in crude fiber and low (below 60%) in TDN on air-dry basis

A

Roughage

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14
Q

What is ration?

A

Feed given to animals for one day

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15
Q

What is feed?

A

edible material needed by animal growth, health, and reproduction

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16
Q

What is nutrients?

A

substances needed by animals to sustain life

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17
Q

What is silage?

A

fermented forage crops

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18
Q

What is soilage?

A

fresh forage crops

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19
Q

What is roughage?

A

feed with high fiber and low protein

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20
Q

What is concentrates?

A

feeds with high protein and low fiber

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21
Q

What is fodder crops?

A

feed materials for ruminant animals, either fresh or dry, but usually cereals

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22
Q

Functions of feed nutrients

A

Builds and maintains body structure, source of energy for heat production, work, and fat deposition, regulates body processes

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23
Q

Six basic classes of nutrients

A

Water, Carbo, Proteins, Fats(Lipids), Minerals, Vitamins

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24
Q

The most basic nutrient because of its active and structural participation in life. Also the cheapest nutrient required in largest amount.

A

Water

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25
Three sources of water
Drinking water, water in food, metabolic water
26
Three sources of water
Drinking water, water in food, metabolic water
27
Solvent that transport nutrients in the body and in which waste products are excreted.
Water
28
Neutral chemical with Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Main component of all plants and many seed
Carbohydrates
29
Plants store energy in the form of __________
Carbohydrates - Starch
30
Types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Oligosaccharides
31
the simplest form of sugar and most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built
Monosaccharides
32
When two mono are joined by glycosidic linkage
Disaccharides
33
The most abundant carbohydrates found in food. Long chain composed of mono
Polysaccharides
34
Types of Monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
35
“grape sugar”, the primary form utilized for energy production
Glucose
36
“fruit sugar”, sweetest among the naturally occurring carbohydrates
Fructose
37
Component of milk sugar
Galactose
38
Types of Disaccharides
Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
39
“cane or beet sugar”, commonly used as food sweetener
Sucrose
40
“Malt sugar”, used in the manufacture of beer or scotch whiskey
Maltose
41
“milk sugar”, imparts a faint sweet taste in milk
Lactose
42
Types of Polysaccharides
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
43
Reserve carbohydrates in plants, primary energy source of animals
Starch
44
“animal starch”, essential in energy metabolism
Glycogen
45
Most abundant single polymer in plant kingdom
Cellulose
46
Serves as electron carriers, substrates to enzymatic reactions, components of biological membranes, sources and stores of energy
Lipids
47
In animals, _______ are major form of energy storage, mainly as ____
Lipids - fat
48
Important sources of stored energy
Fats and Oils
49
are usually of animal origin
Fats
50
are form plants and marine mammals
Oils
51
Primary constituent of biological membranes
Phospholipids
52
Widely distributed in plants and animals where they have protective functions
Waxes
53
Sterols (cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol), bile acids, adrenal and sex hormones
Steroids
54
Hormone like substances that regulate many cell functions like blood clotting, blood pressure, and immune response
Eicosanoids
55
Complex organic compound of high molecular weight
Proteins
56
Proteins contains
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, in addition to nitrogen and sulfur
57
Found in all living cells, where they are intimately connected with all phases of activity that constitutes the life of the cell
Proteins
58
Certain amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the animal, in contrast to plants, animals cannot synthesize the amino group, so in order to build up body proteins, they need to have a dietary source of amino acid
Essential Amino Acids
59
List down the Essential Amino Acids
Phenylalanine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Leucine, Methionine, Arginine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
60
In ruminants, all ________ ______ _____ can be synthesized by the rumen microorganisms, making them independent of a dietary source of amino acids.
Essential Amino Acids
61
Amino acids that when deficient causes insufficient utilization of other amino acids in the diet
Limiting Amino Acids
62
are proved to have a metabolic role in the body, deficiency of these elements will cause deficiency symptoms in animals.
Essential Mineral Elements
63
Classification of essential minerals into _______ _________ and ________ _________ depend upon their concentration in the animal or amounts required in the diet.
Macro Elements and Trace Elements
64
Present in the body in a concentration not greater than 50 mg/kg and are required at less than 100 mg/kg in the diet. They function as activators or co-factors of enzymes.
Trace Elements
65
What are the trace elements?
Iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, iodine, manganese and cobalt
66
Generally required at a relatively larger amount than the trace elements. They function as components of tissue structure.
Macro Elements
67
What are the macro elements?
Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur and magnesium
68
Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal growth and maintenance of animal life as well as plants.
Vitamins
69
Cannot be normally synthesized in the animal body and therefore a dietary essential. A continuous deficiency in the diet results in disordered metabolism and eventually disease.
Vitamins
70
Vitamins are easily destroyed by _________, speeded up by heat, light and certain metals like iron.This is important since conditions under which food is stored will affect final vitamin potency.
oxidation
71
can synthesize Vitamin K in sufficient amounts, therefore no deficiency symptoms has been reported in these species.
Ruminants and Swine
72
*Vitamin A (retinol), D (antirachitic factor), E (tocopherol) and K (phylloquinone)
Fat Soluble Vitamins
73
* Readily excreted in the urine. If not provided in the diet, they rapidly become deficient because they are poorly stored ( Bcomplex vitamins). Regular supplementation of these vitamins are needed, except for Vitamin B12.
Water Soluble Vitamins
74
Vitamin B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (panthothenic acid), Biotin, Folacin, B12 (cyanocobalamin), Choline and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid or antiscorbutic factor)
Water Soluble Vitamins
75
is the least stable and easily destroyed among the vitamins. It is susceptible to oxidation caused by heat and light.
Vitamin C

Ani Nut Lab (4 decks)

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