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Ani Nut Lab > Animal Nutrition Terms - 1st lesson > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition Terms - 1st lesson Flashcards

1
Q

Edible material needed by animal for growth, health, and reproduction

A

Feed

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2
Q

Feed given to animals for one day

A

Ration

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3
Q

Animals possessing compound stomach

A

Ruminants

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4
Q

Animals with simple stomach

A

Non-Ruminants

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5
Q

substances needed by animals to sustain life

A

Nutrients

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6
Q

feed with high fiber content and low protein

A

Roughage

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7
Q

Feed with high level protein content and low fiber

A

Concentrates

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8
Q

Feed materials for ruminant animals, either fresh or dry, but usually cereals

A

Fodder crops

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9
Q

Fermented forage crops

A

Silage

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10
Q

Fresh forage crops

A

Soilage

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11
Q

any feed constituent which may function in the nutritive support of the animal

A

Nutrient

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12
Q

any feed low (below 20%) in crude fiber and high (over 60%) TDN on air-dry basis

A

Concentrate

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13
Q

any feed high (over 20%) in crude fiber and low (below 60%) in TDN on air-dry basis

A

Roughage

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14
Q

What is ration?

A

Feed given to animals for one day

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15
Q

What is feed?

A

edible material needed by animal growth, health, and reproduction

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16
Q

What is nutrients?

A

substances needed by animals to sustain life

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17
Q

What is silage?

A

fermented forage crops

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18
Q

What is soilage?

A

fresh forage crops

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19
Q

What is roughage?

A

feed with high fiber and low protein

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20
Q

What is concentrates?

A

feeds with high protein and low fiber

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21
Q

What is fodder crops?

A

feed materials for ruminant animals, either fresh or dry, but usually cereals

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22
Q

Functions of feed nutrients

A

Builds and maintains body structure, source of energy for heat production, work, and fat deposition, regulates body processes

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23
Q

Six basic classes of nutrients

A

Water, Carbo, Proteins, Fats(Lipids), Minerals, Vitamins

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24
Q

The most basic nutrient because of its active and structural participation in life. Also the cheapest nutrient required in largest amount.

A

Water

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25
Q

Three sources of water

A

Drinking water, water in food, metabolic water

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26
Q

Three sources of water

A

Drinking water, water in food, metabolic water

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27
Q

Solvent that transport nutrients in the body and in which waste products are excreted.

A

Water

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28
Q

Neutral chemical with Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Main component of all plants and many seed

A

Carbohydrates

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29
Q

Plants store energy in the form of __________

A

Carbohydrates - Starch

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30
Q

Types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Oligosaccharides

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31
Q

the simplest form of sugar and most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built

A

Monosaccharides

32
Q

When two mono are joined by glycosidic linkage

A

Disaccharides

33
Q

The most abundant carbohydrates found in food. Long chain composed of mono

A

Polysaccharides

34
Q

Types of Monosaccharides

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

35
Q

“grape sugar”, the primary form utilized for energy production

A

Glucose

36
Q

“fruit sugar”, sweetest among the naturally occurring carbohydrates

A

Fructose

37
Q

Component of milk sugar

A

Galactose

38
Q

Types of Disaccharides

A

Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose

39
Q

“cane or beet sugar”, commonly used as food sweetener

A

Sucrose

40
Q

“Malt sugar”, used in the manufacture of beer or scotch whiskey

A

Maltose

41
Q

“milk sugar”, imparts a faint sweet taste in milk

A

Lactose

42
Q

Types of Polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

43
Q

Reserve carbohydrates in plants, primary energy source of animals

A

Starch

44
Q

“animal starch”, essential in energy metabolism

A

Glycogen

45
Q

Most abundant single polymer in plant kingdom

A

Cellulose

46
Q

Serves as electron carriers, substrates to enzymatic reactions, components of biological membranes, sources and stores of energy

A

Lipids

47
Q

In animals, _______ are major form of energy storage, mainly as ____

A

Lipids - fat

48
Q

Important sources of stored energy

A

Fats and Oils

49
Q

are usually of animal origin

A

Fats

50
Q

are form plants and marine mammals

A

Oils

51
Q

Primary constituent of biological membranes

A

Phospholipids

52
Q

Widely distributed in plants and animals where they have protective functions

A

Waxes

53
Q

Sterols (cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol), bile acids, adrenal and sex hormones

A

Steroids

54
Q

Hormone like substances that regulate many cell functions like blood clotting, blood pressure, and immune response

A

Eicosanoids

55
Q

Complex organic compound of high molecular weight

A

Proteins

56
Q

Proteins contains

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, in addition to nitrogen and sulfur

57
Q

Found in all living cells, where they are intimately connected with all phases of activity that constitutes the life of the cell

A

Proteins

58
Q

Certain amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the animal, in contrast to plants, animals cannot synthesize the amino group, so in order to build up body proteins, they need to have a dietary source of amino acid

A

Essential Amino Acids

59
Q

List down the Essential Amino Acids

A

Phenylalanine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Leucine, Methionine, Arginine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

60
Q

In ruminants, all ________ ______ _____ can be synthesized by the rumen microorganisms, making them independent of a dietary source of amino acids.

A

Essential Amino Acids

61
Q

Amino acids that when deficient causes insufficient utilization of other amino acids in the diet

A

Limiting Amino Acids

62
Q

are proved to have a metabolic role in the body, deficiency of these elements will cause deficiency symptoms in animals.

A

Essential Mineral Elements

63
Q

Classification of essential minerals into _______ _________ and
________ _________ depend upon their concentration in the animal
or amounts required in the diet.

A

Macro Elements and Trace Elements

64
Q

Present in the body in a concentration not greater than 50
mg/kg and are required at less than 100 mg/kg in the diet. They
function as activators or co-factors of enzymes.

A

Trace Elements

65
Q

What are the trace elements?

A

Iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, iodine, manganese
and cobalt

66
Q

Generally required at a relatively larger amount than the trace elements. They function as
components of tissue structure.

A

Macro Elements

67
Q

What are the macro elements?

A

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur and magnesium

68
Q

Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal
growth and maintenance of animal life as well as plants.

A

Vitamins

69
Q

Cannot be normally synthesized in the animal body and
therefore a dietary essential. A continuous deficiency in the diet
results in disordered metabolism and eventually disease.

A

Vitamins

70
Q

Vitamins are easily destroyed by _________, speeded
up by heat, light and certain metals like iron.This
is important since conditions under which food is
stored will affect final vitamin potency.

A

oxidation

71
Q

can synthesize Vitamin K in
sufficient amounts, therefore no deficiency symptoms has been reported in these species.

A

Ruminants and Swine

72
Q

*Vitamin A (retinol), D (antirachitic factor), E (tocopherol) and K (phylloquinone)

A

Fat Soluble Vitamins

73
Q
  • Readily excreted in the urine. If not provided in the diet, they
    rapidly become deficient because they are poorly stored ( Bcomplex vitamins). Regular supplementation of these vitamins are
    needed, except for Vitamin B12.
A

Water Soluble Vitamins

74
Q

Vitamin B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5
(panthothenic acid), Biotin, Folacin, B12 (cyanocobalamin),
Choline and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid or antiscorbutic
factor)

A

Water Soluble Vitamins

75
Q

is the least stable and easily destroyed among the vitamins. It is susceptible to oxidation
caused by heat and light.

A

Vitamin C

Ani Nut Lab (4 decks)

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