Ruminant Lecture Flashcards
What’s the most important of the trichostrongyles (HOTC worms) worldwide
Ostertagia ostertagi
Can nematode parasites reduce milk production
Yes
Habitat of trichostronglyes
Abomasum and small intestine of ruminants
What is a family of parasites that are small bursate nematodes found mostly in herbivores
Trichostrongyles
HOTC complex acronym
Haemonchus spp
Ostertagia spp
Trichostrongylus spp
Cooperia spp
Life cycle of trichostrongyles
Direct and short
Eggs in poo
L hatch
L3 are ingested
L3 travel to abomasum or small intestine and develop into adults
Bottle jaw
- seen with
- reasoning
Seen with Haemonchus and Osteragia spp
Due to blood feeding tendency of species, there’s loss of protein in diet and movement of fluid outside of blood vasculature system.
Ostertagia spp larva
- mechanism
- north vs south
- dependent on
Can go into arrested development. (inhibition prone)
Occurs in north during winter (larvae will emerge in early spring)
Occurs in south during summer (larvae will emerge in early fall)
Dependent on photoperiod and temperature (pretty much environment)
Expense factor for host during arrested development-Ostertagia
Lesions are formed within abomasum during arrested development expand gastric gland pits. Worms irritate glands and cells that release HCl are destroyed and pH is raised. Get green diarrhea because digestive proteins aren’t working.
Morroco leather
Studded appearance inside abomasum
Type II ostertagiasis
Purpose of inhibition
Survival
Type I osteragiasis
- inhibition
- north vs south
Inhibition is not present
Occurs during first summer on pasture for animal
- North:July-Oct
- South: anytime of year
Type II ostertagiasis
- inhibition
- north vs south
Inhibition is present
After first grazing season
North:Late winter/early spring (warm weather)
South: Late summer/early fall (cooler weather)
Survival is dependent on temperature
Pre patent period of O.ostertagi
3 wks
Increase of eggs/gram can conclude that
-O. ostertagi
Decrease in wt of animal
Increase in plasma pepsinogen